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Image
Published: 01 December 1999
Fig. 3.1 Gibbs energy (Δ G plotted against the interaction energy (W x ) for alloying elements added to steel.
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Image
Use of Gibbs energy curves to construct a binary phase diagram that shows m...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.24 Use of Gibbs energy curves to construct a binary phase diagram that shows miscibility in both the liquid and solid states. Source: Ref 3.3 as published in Ref 3.2
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Image
Use of Gibbs energy curves to construct a binary phase diagram of the eutec...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.26 Use of Gibbs energy curves to construct a binary phase diagram of the eutectic type. Source: Ref 3.4 as published in Ref 3.2
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Image
Standard Gibbs energies of formation of selected oxides as a function of te...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2012
Fig. 11.1 Standard Gibbs energies of formation of selected oxides as a function of temperature. Source: Ref 11.1 as published in Ref 11.2
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Book Chapter
Gas-Metal Systems
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420231
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... by Gibbs energy changes. It plots the energy of formation for many important metal oxides and explains how to construct isothermal stability diagrams to analyze complex reactions involving metals, alloys, and gases containing more than one reactive component. gas-metal systems isothermal stability...
Abstract
Gas-metal reactions can have a significant impact on metals and alloys, affecting their properties (during processing) and accelerating service failures, particularly in hot, corrosive environments. This chapter discusses the kinetics of gas-metal reactions and how they are driven by Gibbs energy changes. It plots the energy of formation for many important metal oxides and explains how to construct isothermal stability diagrams to analyze complex reactions involving metals, alloys, and gases containing more than one reactive component.
Image
Schematic illustration of (a) the Gibbs free energy of austenite (γ) and pe...
Available to Purchase
in Modeling and Use of Correlations in Heat Treatment
> Principles of the Heat Treatment of Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Published: 01 December 1996
Fig. 9-10 Schematic illustration of (a) the Gibbs free energy of austenite (γ) and pearlite as a function of temperature for a 0.8% C plain carbon eutectoid steel, and of (b) the difference in the free energy of these two constituents
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Image
Published: 01 June 2008
Image
Gibbs free energy curves and construction of binary phase diagram. Source: ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2008
Image
Gibbs free energy curves and construction of eutectic phase diagram. Source...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2008
Image
Standard Gibbs free energy of formation for several carbides as a function ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2010
Fig. 4.6 Standard Gibbs free energy of formation for several carbides as a function of (a) temperature and (b) solubility in nickel at 1250 °C (2280 °F). Source: Ref 21
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Published: 01 March 2012
Image
Gibbs free energy for different atomic configurations in a system. Configur...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.1 Gibbs free energy for different atomic configurations in a system. Configuration A has the lowest free energy and therefore is the arrangement of stable equilibrium. Configuration B is in a state of metastable equilibrium. Adapted from Ref 3.1
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Image
Published: 01 March 2012
Image
Standard Gibbs free energy of formation of some metal oxides as a function ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 1 Standard Gibbs free energy of formation of some metal oxides as a function of temperature. Source: Ref 4
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(a) Gibbs free-energy composition diagram and (b) locus of solvus curves of...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2012
Fig. 16.9 (a) Gibbs free-energy composition diagram and (b) locus of solvus curves of metastable and stable equilibrium phases in a precipitation sequence. (a) The points of common tangency show the relationship between compositions of the matrix phase (C″, C′, and C eq ) and the various forms
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Book Chapter
Computer Simulation of Phase Diagrams
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420263
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... in industry. It also provides examples showing how CALPHAD has been used to determine the formability of metallic glass, calculate the dilation of stainless steel during phase transformation, and predict the beta transus and approach curves of commercial titanium alloys. CALPHAD approach Gibbs energy...
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of a computational method, called CALPHAD, used for the study of phase equilibria in multicomponent systems. It describes the thermodynamic models and calculation techniques employed in the software and explains how it applies to complex alloys used in industry. It also provides examples showing how CALPHAD has been used to determine the formability of metallic glass, calculate the dilation of stainless steel during phase transformation, and predict the beta transus and approach curves of commercial titanium alloys.
Image
Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 4.15 Relationship between μ A α and μ B α along the Gibbs energy curves G α ; 1-2-3 (Ω ≤ 2 RT ) and 4-5-6-7-8 (Ω>2RT). The word “spinodal” derives from the word “spine,” stiff sharp-pointed parts (6 and 7) in this diagram. Source: Ref 4
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Book Chapter
Introduction to Thermo-Calc and Instructions for Accessing Free Demonstration Version
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310281
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... ), which describes mathematically the thermodynamics of a system through a representation of the Gibbs energies of the different crystalline phases relevant to that system and defined by the chemical composition of the system. Thermo-Calc minimizes the total Gibbs energy of the system with respect...
Abstract
This appendix provides a brief introduction to Thermo-Calc, explains what it is, and lists its uses. Instructions for accessing a demonstration version of the software are also provided.
Book Chapter
Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420041
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... Abstract This chapter explains how the principles of chemical thermodynamics are used in the construction and interpretation of phase diagrams. After a brief review of the laws of thermodynamics, it describes the concept of Gibbs free energy and its application to transformations that occur...
Abstract
This chapter explains how the principles of chemical thermodynamics are used in the construction and interpretation of phase diagrams. After a brief review of the laws of thermodynamics, it describes the concept of Gibbs free energy and its application to transformations that occur in single-component and binary solid solutions. It then examines the relationship between the free energy of a solution and the chemical potentials of the individual components. It also explains how to account for the heat of mixing using quasi-chemical models, discusses the effect of interatomic bond energies and chemical potentials, and shows how the equilibrium state of an alloy can be obtained from free-energy curves.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fec.t65940023
EISBN: 978-1-62708-302-7
... Abstract This chapter provides a thorough introduction to the electrochemical thermodynamics that govern electrode reactions associated with corrosion. It begins with a review of the thermodynamic criteria for the stability of chemical reactions based on Gibbs free energy and explains how...
Abstract
This chapter provides a thorough introduction to the electrochemical thermodynamics that govern electrode reactions associated with corrosion. It begins with a review of the thermodynamic criteria for the stability of chemical reactions based on Gibbs free energy and explains how energies of formation are determined using the oxidation of iron as an example. It then considers how iron reacts with hydrochloric acid, explaining how it can be expressed as two half reactions modeled as electrodes in an electrochemical cell. It goes on to describe the chemical reactions occurring at each electrode, accounting for different variables, mechanisms, and electrochemical effects. The chapter concludes with an in-depth review of Pourbaix diagrams, explaining what they reveal about the stability of metal-water systems and the formation of corrosion products.
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