Search Results for Front-end loaders

This chapter presents the criteria, methods, and benefits of cast-weld construction.

This chapter explains how to take the known facts of a specific failure, place them in a systematic context to arrive at a logical conclusion, and point to a corrective measure. It presents example examinations to describe a systematic approach to failure examination.

The machinery and equipment required for rod and tube extrusion is determined by the specific extrusion process. This chapter provides a detailed description of the design requirements and principles of machinery and equipment for direct and indirect hot extrusion. It then covers the presses and auxiliary equipment for tube extrusion, induction furnaces for billet processing, handling systems for copper and aluminum alloy products, extrusion cooling systems, and age-hardening ovens. Next, the chapter describes the principles and applications of equipment for the production of aluminum and copper billets. Then, it focuses on process control in both direct and indirect hot extrusion of aluminum alloys without lubrication. The chapter describes the technology of electrical and electronic controls in the extrusion process. It ends with a discussion on the factors that influence the productivity and quality of the products in the extrusion process and methods for process optimization.

This chapter provides a detailed discussion on five occasions that require written accounts. They are field report, transmittal report with failed unit, laboratory notes of the analyst, failure analysis report, and letter of transmittal of the report to the customer.

In this chapter, the fundamental concepts of different types of extrusion presses and major press components are discussed. An outline of the recently integrated system, from billet furnaces and log shears to age ovens and stacking equipment to control the entire manufacturing process with high productivity, is also included. The major press and tooling components of basic types of extrusion presses for making solid sections, bars, strips, rods, tubes, and hollow sections are shown. Auxiliary and handling equipment is discussed.

This chapter covers the different types of extrusion presses in use, discussing their relative advantages, operating parameters, and selection factors. It describes the function of major components, including containers, stems, dummy pads, and die carriers, the maintenance they require, and their impact on productivity and the quality of extrusions. It also discusses the integration of auxiliary equipment such as log heaters and shears, quench systems, die ovens, pullers, stretchers, and stackers.

This chapter, a detailed account of furnaces and related equipment for heat treating, begins by describing three basic modes of heat transmission, namely conduction, convection, and radiation, followed by a discussion on the working principle, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of furnaces classified based on the heat transfer medium employed. The types of furnaces covered are batch-type, continuous-type, liquid bath, fluidized bed, and vacuum. The subsequent sections provide information on furnace parts, fixtures, quenching mediums, and quenching systems. The final section of the chapter describes the types of atmospheres available, emphasizing their applications and limitations.

This chapter focuses on the causes of gear failure under five major headings. These include basic material, focusing on steel, engineering, focusing on the integration of design, manufacturing, heat treatment, and service application.

Gears can fail in many different ways, and except for an increase in noise level and vibration, there is often no indication of difficulty until total failure occurs. This chapter begins with the classification of gear failure modes, followed by sections discussing the characteristics of various fatigue failures. Then, it provides information on the modes of impact fractures, wear, scuffing, and stress rupture. Next, the chapter describes the causes of gear failures and discusses the processes involved in conducting the failure analysis. Finally, the chapter presents examples of gear failure analysis.

This chapter discusses the various failure analysis techniques for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), focusing on conventional semiconductor manufacturing processes and materials. The discussion begins with a section describing the advances in integration and packaging technologies that have helped drive the further proliferation of MEMS devices in the marketplace. It then shows some examples of the top MEMS applications and quickly discusses the fundamentals of their workings. The next section describes common failure mechanisms along with techniques and challenges in identifying them. The chapter also provides information on the testing of MEMS devices. It covers the two common challenges in sample preparation for MEMS: decapping, or opening up the package, without disturbing the MEMS elements; and removing MEMS elements for analysis. Finally, the chapter discusses the aspects of failure analysis techniques that are of particular interest to MEMS.