Fig. 8.27 As cast structure of ASTM A681 D2 cold work tool steel. A eutectic constituent composed of carbides (white) and austenite can be observed. The austenite has decomposed after cooling in both images, leading to dark regions of ferrite carbide agglomerates or tempered martensite More

Fig. 24.9 Annealed microstructure of D2 tool steel. Light micrograph. Courtesy of J.R.T. Branco, Colorado School of Mines More

Fig. 11.35 ASTM A681–D2, tool steel for cold working. Annealed to 250 HB. Carbides in a ferritic matrix. (a) Conventional ingot, 830 mm (33 in.) diameter subjected to forging reduction via hot working of 5.6:1 (measured as the ratio of cross sections before and after work). (b) An ingot More

Fig. 16.10 Hardness profile of D2 tool steel after ion nitriding process. Source: Ref 16.43 More

Fig. 16.19 Flaking of physical vapor deposition coating on a D2 tool steel, due to residual stresses caused by surface features. Source: Ref 16.6 More

Fig. 21 Effects of tempering temperature and hardness for D2 tool steel More

Fig. 5.46 Micrographs of an as-polished D2 tool steel taken in (a) bright-field and (b) differential phase contrast. Note the carbides in (b) in high relief compared with the matrix. In (c), the same field taken after moving the Wollaston prism slightly out of alignment. Note in (c More

Fig. 8.27 An AISI D2 tool steel showing large eutectic carbides and small carbides in a martensitic matrix. Vilella’s reagent. 500× More

Fig. 2 Microstructure of D2 tool steel after air cooling from 980 °C (1800 °F) and tempering at 540 °C (1000 °F). Hardness is approximately 62 HRC. Dark matrix is tempered martensite with a dispersion of very hard carbide particles (white). See text for discussion. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 5-7 Annealed microstructure of D2 tool steel showing distributions of coarse and fine spheroidized carbide particles. Light micrograph. Courtesy of J.R.T. Branco More

Fig. 12-3 IT diagram for D2 tool steel, containing 1.55% C, 0.27% Mn, 0.45% Si, 11.34% Cr, 0.53% Mo, and 0.24% V, austenitized at 980 °C (1800 °F). Source: Ref 11 More

Fig. 12-7 Retained austenite in hardened microstructures of D2 tool steel as a function of austenitizing temperature for hardening and cooling media. Source: Ref 12 More

Fig. 12-9 Hardness as a function of tempering temperature for D2 and D3 tool steels subjected to various austenitizing and cooling conditions. Source: Ref 3 More

Fig. 12-11 Hardness as a function of temperature-time tempering parameter for D2 steels austenitized as shown. T is absolute temperature (°F + 460); t is time in hours. Data from Teledyne VASCO More

Fig. 12-13 Transformation curves for austenite retained in hardened D2 tool steel. Source: Ref 12 More

Fig. 12-14 Torsional impact energy absorbed by D2 and D3 tool steel specimens as a function of tempering temperature. Absolute magnitudes of impact energy are not comparable because of testing variations. Curve for D2, Bethlehem Steel Co.; curve for D3, Ref 22 Type Conmposition More

Fig. 12-15 Comparison of ductility in static torsion tests of D3 (left) and D2 (right) tool steels quenched to maximum hardness and tempered at the three temperatures shown. Data from Teledyne VASCO More

Fig. 12-17 Energy absorbed by unnotched Izod D2 and D3 tool steel specimens as a function of tempering temperature. Data from Jessop Steel Co., Allegheny Ludlum Industries, and Teledyne Firth-Sterling Steel Co. More

Fig. 12-21 Average dimensional changes of D2, D3, and D5 tool steels after hardening and as a function of tempering temperature. Values reported are the average change of three principal dimensions in a block 25 by 50 by 150 mm (1 by 2 by 6 in.) in size. Data from Latrobe Steel Co. Type More

Fig. 16-3 Hardness profiles for H11, H12, and D2 tool steels after nitriding at 525 °C (975 °F) for the times shown. Souroe: Ref 9 More