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Book Chapter
Selected Sources of Information: Corrosion Properties of Materials and Corrosion Testing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fec.t65940451
EISBN: 978-1-62708-302-7
... for Rubber O-Rings • D 1654, Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments • D 1743, Test Method for Corrosion Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases • D 1838, Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases • D 2059...
Abstract
This appendix is a comprehensive collection of selected sources related to corrosion properties of materials and corrosion testing.
Book Chapter
Petroleum Industry Applications
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310247
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... Abstract This chapter discusses various factors pertinent to the prevention of corrosion in alloys for petroleum applications and reviews the selection of stainless steels for petroleum applications, including oil country tubular goods, line pipe, offshore platforms, liquefied natural gas...
Abstract
This chapter discusses various factors pertinent to the prevention of corrosion in alloys for petroleum applications and reviews the selection of stainless steels for petroleum applications, including oil country tubular goods, line pipe, offshore platforms, liquefied natural gas vessels, and refinery equipment.
Book Chapter
Corrosion in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Operations
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030292
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
... in water service and commonly are restricted to applications below 260 °C (500 °F) because of strength limitations. Admiralty brass (C44300) tubes have been extensively used in water-cooled condensers and coolers at most refineries. However, in general, copper alloys suffer accelerated corrosion in both...
Abstract
This chapter presents the primary considerations and mechanisms for corrosion and how they are involved in the selection of materials for process equipment in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants. In addition, specific information on mechanical properties, corrosion, sulfide stress cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking, stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, hydrogen embrittlement cracking, stress-corrosion cracking, velocity-accelerated corrosion, erosion-corrosion, and corrosion control is provided.
Book Chapter
Compatibility of Materials with Cryogens
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1983
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mlt.t62860343
EISBN: 978-1-62708-348-5
... Abstract This chapter discusses the compatibility problems that arise from chemical or physical interactions between liquefied gases and the common materials used in their production, storage, transportation, distribution, and use. The discussion covers the compatibility of materials...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the compatibility problems that arise from chemical or physical interactions between liquefied gases and the common materials used in their production, storage, transportation, distribution, and use. The discussion covers the compatibility of materials with liquid oxygen and liquid fluorine. Hydrogen-environment embrittlement is unique to low-temperature hydrogen systems and is also discussed.
Book Chapter
Introduction
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
Abstract
Aluminum is the second most widely used metal in the world. It is readily available, offers a wide range of properties, and can be shaped, coated, and joined using a variety of methods. This chapter discusses some of the key attributes of wrought and cast aluminum alloys and the classifications, designations, and grades of available product forms. It also explains how aluminum alloys are used in aerospace, automotive, rail, and marine applications as well as in building and construction, electrical products, manufacturing equipment, packaging, and consumer durables such as appliances and furniture.
Book Chapter
Stress Rupture Failures
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430149
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... at the bottom of the boiler. It was a fuel-fired boiler using heavy fuel oil as well as refinery and regasified liquefied natural gas as fuel. The material of construction (MOC) of the tube was SA 210 Grade A1, and the tube dimensions were 76.2 mm (3 in.) outside diameter (OD) and 4.06 mm (0.16 in.) thickness...
Abstract
Boiler tubes operating at high temperatures under significant pressure are vulnerable to stress rupture failures. This chapter examines the cause, effect, and appearance of such failures. It discusses the conditions and mechanisms that either lead to or are associated with stress rupture, including overheating, high-temperature creep, graphitization, and dissimilar metal welds. It explains how to determine which mechanisms are in play by interpreting fracture patterns and microstructural details. It also describes the investigation of several carbon and low-alloy steel tubes that failed due to stress rupture.
Book Chapter
Additive Manufacturing in the Automotive, Medical, and Construction Industries
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400289
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... Sintering Sintering is the process of heating and condensing metal particles at temperatures below their melting point. Hot isostatic pressing, microwave sintering, conventional sintering, and spark plasma sintering are all examples of sintering processes. Small pieces of construction material—polymers...
Abstract
This chapter assesses the state of 3D printing among automakers, medical device manufacturers, and construction companies.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1983
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mlt.t62860163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-348-5
... with a modest investment in equipment. As one might expect, the literature on electrical resistivity is massive in quantity and, generally, of excellent quality. Excellent tutorial treatments of all aspects of the subject are available. In this chapter a condensed treatment of topics pertaining...
Abstract
This chapter presents topics pertaining to resistance at cryogenic temperatures: measurement, the resistive mechanisms, and available data. The chapter also presents brief descriptions of the various mechanisms that are operative in producing resistance at low temperatures. The alloys discussed are the nondilute mixtures of metals. An introduction to low-temperature electrical properties of specific metals and alloys is included.
Book
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1983
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mlt.9781627083485
EISBN: 978-1-62708-348-5
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.9781627083409
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
Book Chapter
Aluminum Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550033
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
Abstract
This chapter provides basic engineering information on aluminum alloys with an emphasis on their use in applications where weight is a significant design factor. It discusses the advantages and limitations of various types of aluminum along with their compositions, designations, and achievable strengths. It explains how some alloys are hardened through solution strengthening and cold working, while others are strengthened by precipitation hardening. It also describes production and fabrication processes such as melting, casting, rolling, forging, forming, extruding, heat treating, and joining, and includes a section on the causes and effects of corrosion and how they are typically controlled.
Book Chapter
Overview of the Mechanisms of Failure in Heat Treated Steel Components
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fahtsc.t51130043
EISBN: 978-1-62708-284-6
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the possible mechanisms of failure for heat treated steel components and discusses the techniques for examining fractures, ductile and brittle failures, intergranular failure mechanisms, and fatigue. It begins with a description of the general sources of component failure. This is followed by a section on the stages of a failure analysis, which can proceed one after the other or occur at the same time. These stages of analysis are collection of background data, preliminary visual examination, nondestructive testing, selection and preservation of specimens, mechanical testing, macroexamination, microexamination, metallographic examination, determination of the fracture mechanism, chemical analysis, exemplar testing, and analysis and writing the report. The chapter ends with a discussion on various processes involved in the determination of the fracture mechanism.
Book
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.9781627083386
EISBN: 978-1-62708-338-6
Book Chapter
Petroleum Reactor Pressure-Vessel Materials for Hydrogen Service
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.t60490329
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
...-sulfur fuels from high-sulfur crude oils and conversion of higher-boiling-point residual oils into lighter transportation fuels. In addition, production and upgrading of synthetic crude oils from liquefied coal, oil shale, and tar sands will require many hydroprocessing reactors. Because these processes...
Abstract
This chapter covers the failure modes and mechanisms of concern in hydroprocessing reactor vessels and the methods used to assess lifetime and performance. It begins with a review of the materials used in the construction of pressure-vessel shells, the challenges they face, and the factors that determine shell integrity. The discussion addresses key properties and design parameters including allowable stress, fracture toughness, the effect of microstructure and composition on embrittlement, high-temperature creep, and subcritical crack growth. The chapter also provides information on the factors that affect cladding integrity and ends with a section on life-assessment techniques.
Book Chapter
The Joining Environment
Available to PurchaseBook: Principles of Soldering
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ps.t62440103
EISBN: 978-1-62708-352-2
... of the metal, or, conversely, reduction of the oxide, if it is energetically favorable to do so. A condensed treatment of relevant thermodynamic functions and their relationships, which has by necessity required a degree of oversimplification, is given in Appendix A3.1 at the end of this chapter. A more...
Abstract
Materials used in joining, whether solders, fluxes, or atmospheres, are becoming increasingly subjected to restrictions on the grounds of health, safety, and pollution concerns. These regulations can limit the choice of materials and processes that are deemed acceptable for industrial use. The chapter addresses this issue with a focus on soldering fluxes. The chapter also describes factors related to soldering under a protective atmosphere, provides information on chemical fluxes for soldering of various metals, and discusses the processes involved in fluxless soldering processes.
Book Chapter
Case Studies of Powder-Binder Processing Practices
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bpapp.t59290201
EISBN: 978-1-62708-319-5
Abstract
This chapter provides details on powder-binder processing for three materials, namely precipitation-hardened 17-4 PH stainless steel, cemented carbides, and alumina. The types of powders, binders, feedstock, shaping processes, debinding, sintering cycles, compositions, microstructure, distortion, postsintering treatments, and mechanical properties are presented for each. The shaping options include powder-binder approaches such as binder jetting, injection molding, extrusion, slip and slurry casting, centrifugal casting, tape casting, and additive manufacturing. Sintering options are outlined with respect to attaining high final properties.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fec.9781627083027
EISBN: 978-1-62708-302-7
Book
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.9781627082976
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6