Two compressor rotors of similar design and construction were severely damaged during operation. In one rotor, all the blades in the third and fourth stages had been sheared off and some had lifted from the dovetail portion of the drum. The damage in the other rotor was more extensive. Most of the blades in the first four stages had sheared off and many lifted from the dovetail region, particularly in the first two stages where several mounting dovetails had also fractured. Based on visual examination and the results of SEM fractography, metallography, and chemical analysis, investigators concluded that the compressor rotors failed due to stress-corrosion cracking in the dovetail mountings. They also provided recommendations to prevent or mitigate future occurrences.

A compressor blade made of titanium alloy fractured during an engine test. The material and processing conditions of the blade were found to be satisfactory, turning the focus of the investigation to operating anomalies and human error. A photograph of the failed blade shows well-defined chevron marks along the fracture surface that end in a shear lip on the convex side. Further examination using a SEM shows that the failure was due to overload. Based on these observations and the results of tensile testing and microstructural analysis, investigators concluded that a sudden impact load on the concave side of the blade caused it to fracture.

This chapter discusses the failure of a compressor blade in an aircraft engine and explains how investigators determined the cause. Based on visual examination and the results of SEM fractography and chemical analysis, it was concluded that blade failed due to fatigue fracture originating from nonmetallic inclusions in the blade root.

This report describes the failure of a gas turbine in a combined-cycle power plant and the examination and tests that were conducted to determine the cause. Based on microstructural analysis, hardness measurements, and tensile tests, the failure was attributed to inadequate clearances in the seal land region between two stages in the compressor section of the rotor. The report also recommends changes to remediate the problem.

A titanium alloy disc on the fourth stage of an aircraft engine compressor was found cracked in the course of a defect investigation. The disc had not yet reached the halfway point of its expected service life. The chapter explains how the crack was examined and provides relevant details about its location on the disc and various aspects of its appearance. It also explains how failure analysts concluded that the disc had been subjected to a fluctuating load of high magnitude and that the crack was the result of two fatigue cracks, originating from opposite sides of the diaphragm.

A first-stage compressor blade failed prematurely in an aircraft engine, fracturing at the midpoint of the root transition region. An examination of the fracture surface revealed beach marks, striations, and pitting, indicating that the blade failed by fatigue due to a crack initiated by corrosion pits in the root transition region. The chapter recommends further investigations to determine the cause of pitting, which appears to be confined to the dovetail region.

This chapter discusses the failure of a first-stage compressor blade in an aircraft engine and explains how investigators determined that it was caused by fatigue, with a crack originating from corrosion pits that developed in the root transition region on the convex side of the airfoil.

A second-stage compressor blade in an aircraft engine fractured after 21 h of service. The remaining portion of the blade was removed and examined as were several adjacent blades. Based on the results of SEM fractography, microstructural analysis, and hardness testing, the blade failed due to stress-corrosion cracking combined with the effects of inadequate tempering.