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Brittleness
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in Deformation and Fracture Mechanisms and Static Strength of Metals
> Mechanics and Mechanisms of Fracture: An Introduction
Published: 01 August 2005
Fig. 2.73 Explanation of the transition temperature: regions of full brittleness (up to T 1 ), notch brittleness ( T 1 to T 2 ), and full ductility (above T 2 ). Source: Ref 2.33
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Published: 01 August 1999
Fig. 10.14 Temper brittleness. (a) and (b) 0.5% C Ni-Cr alloy (0.48C-0.19Si-0.84Mn-1.35Ni-0.82Cr, wt%). (a) Austenitized at 860 °C, oil quenched, tempered 1 h at 625 °C, cooled slowly. Ethereal picral. 250×. (b) Austenitized at 860 °C, oil quenched, tempered 1 h at 625 °C, water
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630081
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... Abstract A brittle fracture occurs at stresses below the material's yield strength (i.e., in the elastic range of the stress-strain diagram). This chapter focuses on brittle fracture in metals and, more specifically, ferrous alloys. It lists the factors that must all be present simultaneously...
Abstract
A brittle fracture occurs at stresses below the material's yield strength (i.e., in the elastic range of the stress-strain diagram). This chapter focuses on brittle fracture in metals and, more specifically, ferrous alloys. It lists the factors that must all be present simultaneously in order to cause brittle fracture in a normally ductile steel. The chapter then discusses the macroscale characteristics and microstructural aspects of brittle fracture. A summary of the types of embrittlement experienced by ferrous alloys is presented. The chapter concludes with a brief section providing information on mixed fracture morphology.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610055
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... Abstract This chapter discusses the causes and effects of ductile and brittle fracture and their key differences. It describes the characteristics of ductile fracture, explaining how microvoids develop and coalesce into larger cavities that are rapidly pulled apart, leaving bowl-shaped voids...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the causes and effects of ductile and brittle fracture and their key differences. It describes the characteristics of ductile fracture, explaining how microvoids develop and coalesce into larger cavities that are rapidly pulled apart, leaving bowl-shaped voids or dimples on each side of the fracture surface. It includes SEM images showing how the cavities form, how they progress to final failure, and how dimples vary in shape based on loading conditions. The chapter, likewise, describes the characteristics of brittle fracture, explaining why it occurs and how it appears under various levels of magnification. It also discusses the ductile-to-brittle transition observed in steel, the characteristics of intergranular fracture, and the causes of embrittlement.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630071
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... in ductile and brittle metals. brittle metals ductile metals single-load fracture stress tension loading torsional loading compression loading IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND how various types of single-load fractures are caused, one must understand the forces acting on the metals and also...
Abstract
In order to understand how various types of single-load fractures are caused, one must understand the forces acting on the metals and also the characteristics of the metals themselves. All fractures are caused by stresses. Stress systems are best studied by examining free-body diagrams, which are simplified models of complex stress systems. Free-body diagrams of shafts in the pure types of loading (tension, torsion, and compression) are the simplest; they then can be related to more complex types of loading. This chapter discusses the principles of these simplest loading systems in ductile and brittle metals.
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Published: 01 December 2009
Fig. 12.3 Brittle fracture of a modified SAE 1050 (0.50% C, 0.95% Mn, 0.25% Si, 0.01% S, and 0.01% P) axle shaft due to single-bending impact load in a lab test. The hot rolled and upset shaft had an induction-hardened case (60 HRC) with a softer core (20 HRC). Failure occurred at the flange
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 3.13 Ductile-brittle transition in a Charpy V-notch specimen of a low-carbon, low-alloy, hot-rolled steel. Source: Ref 3.4 .
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in Characterization of Plastics in Failure Analysis[1]
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 26 Scanning electron image showing brittle fracture features at the crack initiation site, characteristic of environmental stress cracking. 24×
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in Characterization of Plastics in Failure Analysis[1]
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 28 Scanning electron image showing brittle fracture features on the failed jacket crack surface. 20×
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in Characterization of Plastics in Failure Analysis[1]
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 29 Scanning electron image showing features associated with brittle fracture and slow crack growth within the crack initiation site. 100×
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in Characterization of Plastics in Failure Analysis[1]
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 39 Scanning electron image showing characteristic brittle fracture features on the housing crack surface. 100×
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in Characterization of Plastics in Failure Analysis[1]
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 41 Scanning electron images showing (a) brittle fracture features on the failed hinge and (b) ductile fracture features on the laboratory fracture. 118×
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Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 22 Brittle fracture surface of a polyethylene gas pipe showing rib marking at crack arrest. 14.5×
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Published: 30 November 2013
Fig. 2 Sketch of pattern of brittle fracture of a normally ductile steel plate, sheet, or flat bar. Note the classic chevron or herringbone marks that point toward the origin of the fracture, where there usually is some type of stress concentration, such as a welding defect, fatigue crack
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Image
Published: 30 November 2013
Fig. 5 Surface of a torsional fatigue crack that caused brittle fracture of the case of an induction-hardened axle of 1541 steel. The fatigue crack originated (arrow) at a fillet (with a radius smaller than specified) at a change in shaft diameter near a keyway runout. Case hardness was about
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Published: 30 November 2013
Fig. 7 Surface of a brittle fracture in a cold-drawn, stress-relieved 1035 steel axle tube. Fracture originated at a weld defect (arrow) during testing in very cold weather. Note the well-defined chevron marks located clockwise from the arrow, pointing back toward the origin. Note also
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Published: 30 November 2013
Fig. 8 (a) Catastrophic brittle fracture of a 260 in. diam solid-propellant rocket motor case made of 18% Ni, grade 250, maraging steel. The case fractured at a repaired weld imperfection during a hydrostatic pressure test. Fracture occurred at about 57% of the intended proof stress. All welds
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Published: 30 November 2013
Fig. 9 (a) Sketch of pattern of brittle fracture in a moderately hard, strong metal. The fracture originated at a sharp stress concentration that grew to the critical flaw size for that metal. The sharp stress concentration is frequently, though not always, a fatigue crack or a stress
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Published: 30 November 2013
Fig. 10 Origin (at arrow) of a single-load brittle fracture that initiated at a small weld defect. Note also a fatigue fracture in the upper right corner. Radial ridges emanate from the origin in a fan-shaped pattern. The brittle part of the fracture is bright and sparkling, in contrast
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Published: 30 November 2013
Fig. 1 Brittle versus ductile fracture in two 1038 steel bolts deliberately heat treated to have greatly different properties when pulled in tension. The brittle bolt (left) was water quenched with a hardness of 47 HRC but had no obvious deformation. The ductile bolt (right) was annealed
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