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Search Results for 300 series stainless steel tubing
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1983
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mlt.t62860371
EISBN: 978-1-62708-348-5
... composition and thermal-mechanical processing. Three general classes of these alloys are useful for cryogenic applications: The AISI 300-series stainless steels in the annealed condition, particularly types 304 and 304L, are the most commonly used alloys. Consequently, they have the most service...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the structural alloys being used for cryogenic applications in commercially significant quantities. It emphasizes the practical considerations involved in the material selection process and provides the information necessary to make preliminary selections of alloys most suitable for the intended cryogenic application. The chapter provides general information on a class or group of alloys, their representative mechanical and physical properties, and their fabrication characteristics. The materials covered are austenitic stainless steels, nickel steels, aluminum alloys, and other metals and alloys.
Book Chapter
Stainless Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240433
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... referred to as 18-8 stainless steel for the chromium and nickel content. The yield strengths of austenitic stainless steels are not high, comparable to those of mild steels. Typical minimum mechanical properties of annealed 300-series steels are yield strengths of 205 to 275 MPa (30 to 40 ksi...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the classification, composition, properties, and applications of five types of stainless steels: austenitic, ferritic, duplex, martensitic, and precipitation-hardening steels. It discusses the process involved in argon oxygen decarburization that is used to refine stainless steel. The chapter also provides information on the classification and composition of stainless steel castings. It concludes with a brief description of the Schaeffler constitution diagram which is useful in predicting the type of stainless steel as a function of its alloy content.
Book Chapter
Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Nickel Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030176
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
... of stainless steels are austenitic and are popularly known by the former American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) type numbers in the 300 and 200 series, respectively. The Fe-Cr grades are martensitic at lower chromium levels, ferritic at higher chromium levels, and are known by numbers in the 400 series...
Abstract
Stainless steels and nickel-base alloys are recognized for their resistance to general corrosion and other categories of corrosion. This chapter examines the effects of specific alloying elements, metallurgical structure, and mechanical conditioning on the corrosion resistance of these alloys. Some categories of corrosion covered are pitting, crevice, intergranular, stress-corrosion cracking, general, and high-temperature corrosion.
Book Chapter
Corrosion of Ferritic Stainless Steel Weldments
Available to PurchaseBook: Corrosion of Weldments
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cw.t51820077
EISBN: 978-1-62708-339-3
... because of grain coarsening and formation of martensite (the exception is the lower carbon content type 405). For these reasons, the application of the 400-series Group I ferritic stainless steels is not as extensive as it might otherwise be, compared with the 300-series austenitic stainless steels...
Abstract
Ferritic stainless steels are essentially iron-chromium alloys with body-centered cubic crystal structures. Chromium content is usually in the range of 11 to 30%. The primary advantage of the ferritic stainless steels, and in particular the high-chromium, high-molybdenum grades, is their excellent stress-corrosion cracking resistance and good resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments. This chapter provides information on the classifications, properties, and general welding considerations of ferritic stainless steels. The emphasis is placed on intergranular corrosion, which is the most common cause of failure in ferritic stainless steel weldments. Two case histories involving intergranular corrosion failures of ferritic stainless steel weldments are included. A brief discussion on hydrogen embrittlement is also provided.
Book Chapter
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments
Available to PurchaseBook: Corrosion of Weldments
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cw.t51820043
EISBN: 978-1-62708-339-3
...) Nominal compositions Standard Grades The standard grades can be further subdivided into 300-series and 200-series stainless steels. The 300-series alloys are Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic grades containing 16 to 26% Cr and 6 to 22% Ni. Molybdenum, copper, silicon, aluminum, titanium, niobium/tantalum...
Abstract
Austenitic stainless steels exhibit a single-phase, face-centered cubic structure that is maintained over a wide range of temperatures. This chapter provides a basic understanding of grade designations, properties, and welding considerations of austenitic stainless steels. It also discusses general types of corrosive attack and their effects on service integrity as well as detection and control measures. The five corrosive attack mechanisms covered are intergranular corrosion, preferential attack associated with weld metal precipitates, pitting and crevice corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, and microbiologically influenced corrosion.
Book Chapter
Heat Treating of Stainless Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pht2.t51440175
EISBN: 978-1-62708-262-4
... by heating up to 400 °C (750 °F); the cooling rate from this temperature is not critical. Corrosion Resistance of Austenitic Grades As a group, the austenitic grades (AISI 200 and 300 series) have greater corrosion resistance than the ferritic, martensitic, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the processes involved in heat treating of stainless steels, providing information on the classification, chemical compositions, and corrosion resistance of stainless steels and the effect of specific elements on the characteristics of iron-base alloys. Five groups of stainless steels are discussed: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, precipitation-hardening, and duplex grades. The chapter also describes the heat treatment conditions that should be maintained for processing of stainless steels.
Book Chapter
Oil-Fired Boilers and Furnaces
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.t52080321
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
... ). Specimens included 5Cr steel, stainless steels (both 400 and 300 series), Fe-Ni-Cr alloys, Ni-Cr-Fe alloy, and 50Ni-50Cr alloy, along with two cast stainless steels (HE and HH alloys). All the alloys tested exhibited unacceptable corrosion rates. Even the best performer (50Ni-50Cr alloy) suffered...
Abstract
Fireside corrosion can be a serious problem in oil-fired boilers and in refinery furnaces fired with low-grade fuels. This chapter provides an overview of fireside or oil-ash corrosion and the problems it can cause in utility power boilers and petrochemical refinery furnaces. It explains how oil-ash corrosion affects waterwalls, superheaters, and reheaters as well as metal tube supports and hangers.
Book Chapter
Metallurgy of Steels and Related Boiler Tube Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430027
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... of diffusion, nucleation, and growth. It also discusses alloying, heat treating, and defect formation and briefly covers condenser tube materials. alloying elements austenitic stainless steels boiler tubes condenser tubes continuous cooling transformation diagram creep-resistant steels ferritic...
Abstract
This chapter describes the metallurgy, composition, and properties of steels and other alloys. It provides information on the atomic structure of metals, the nature of alloy phases, and the mechanisms involved in phase transformations, including time-temperature effects and the role of diffusion, nucleation, and growth. It also discusses alloying, heat treating, and defect formation and briefly covers condenser tube materials.
Book Chapter
Materials Selection for Corrosion Control
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
... will provide many years of low-maintenance service. For more costly materials, such as the austenitic (300-series) stainless steels and the copper-and nickel-base alloys, a maximum corrosion rate of 0.1 mm/yr (4 mils/yr) is generally acceptable. However, it should never be assumed without proper evaluation...
Abstract
This chapter outlines the step-by-step processes by which materials are selected in order to prevent or control corrosion and includes information on materials that are resistant to the various forms of corrosion. The various forms of corrosion covered are general (uniform) corrosion, localized corrosion, galvanic corrosion, intergranular corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, hydrogen damage, and erosion-corrosion. In addition, the economic importance of cost-effective materials selection is also considered.
Book Chapter
Corrosion
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240323
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... uniformly, by modification of the alloy, or by the use of a completely different alloy. Although stainless steels provide resistance against general corrosion, the 300 and 400 series of stainless steels can be susceptible to intergranular corrosion by sensitization. Susceptible stainless steels...
Abstract
This chapter first covers some basic principles of electrochemical corrosion and then some of the various types of corrosion. Some of the more common types of corrosion discussed include uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, erosion-corrosion, cavitation, fretting corrosion, intergranular corrosion, exfoliation, dealloying corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, and corrosion fatigue. The chapter discusses the processes involved in corrosion control by retarding either the anodic or cathodic reactions. The rate of corrosion is reduced by conditioning of the metal, by conditioning the environment, and by electrochemical control. Finally, the chapter deals with high-temperature oxidation that usually occurs in the absence of moisture.
Book Chapter
Materials for Advanced Steam Plants
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.t60490383
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
... be cost-effective substitutes for 300 series austenitic stainless steels in the range 540 to 595 °C (1000 to 1100 °F). Many developments have also taken place in improving the creep strength and hot corrosion resistance of austenitic steels. Nominal chemical compositions of boiler tubing alloys...
Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of power plants by operating at higher temperatures and pressures and adding a double-reheat feature comes at the expense of shortened lifetimes for critical components. This chapter provides an overview of the material-related problems associated with advanced steam plants and their respective solutions. The discussion covers the selection of materials on a component-specific basis for boilers as well as steam turbines.
Book Chapter
Stainless Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060291
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... service (such as pressure pipe, pressure tubes, sanitary tubing, mechanical tubing, and aircraft tubing). 12.3 Austenitic Stainless Steels Austenitic stainless alloys are among the most common grades of stainless steel. They are classified with AISI 200- or 300-series designations; the 300-series...
Abstract
Steels that resist corrosive attack from normal atmospheric exposure and contain a minimum of 10.5% Cr and 50% Fe are generally classified as stainless steels. Their special qualities lie in a chromium-rich oxide surface film that quickly regrows when damaged. This chapter discusses the classification, composition, properties, treatments, and applications of austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex, precipitation-hardening, powder metallurgy, and cast stainless steels. It also reviews the history of stainless steels and provides information on alloy designation systems.
Book Chapter
Forms of Corrosion: Recognition and Prevention
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cub.t66910099
EISBN: 978-1-62708-250-1
... service environment anticipated. Fig. 20 Severe localized corrosion on a type 316 stainless steel heat exchanger tube. Attack occurred beneath deposits, which were removed to show wastage. Source: Nalco Chemical Company Prevention Deposit-related corrosion may be minimized...
Abstract
Corrosion problems can be divided into eight categories based on the appearance of the corrosion damage or the mechanism of attack: uniform or general corrosion; pitting corrosion; crevice corrosion, including corrosion under tubercles or deposits, filiform corrosion, and poultice corrosion; galvanic corrosion; erosion-corrosion, including cavitation erosion and fretting corrosion; intergranular corrosion, including sensitization and exfoliation; dealloying; environmentally assisted cracking, including stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and hydrogen damage (including hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen-induced blistering, high-temperature hydrogen attack, and hydride formation). All these forms are addressed in this chapter in the context of aqueous corrosion. For each form, a general description is provided along with information on the causes and the list of metals that can be affected, with particular emphasis on the recognition and prevention measures.
Book Chapter
Corrosion Control by Materials Selection
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cub.t66910331
EISBN: 978-1-62708-250-1
... by following a given column in Table 3 . For example, for a 150 mm (6 in.) diameter by 300 m (1000 ft) straight-run piping system, carbon steel has a relative cost of 1.00, compared with 0.97 for fiber-reinforced polyester, 2.52 for type 304 stainless steel at the same thickness, 3.76 for titanium at the same...
Abstract
The challenge of materials selection is to achieve adequate performance at the lowest possible cost. Corrosion resistance is not the only property to be considered in making materials selections. Typical requirements and some of the procedures involved in making a selection and some of the factors that must be considered when determining the corrosion performance of a given material are listed in this chapter. The various steps that might be included in a materials selection process are then examined. These include a review of operating conditions and design, the selection of candidate materials, the in-depth evaluation of each candidate material, fabrication requirements, follow-up monitoring, and final materials selection. Material considerations such as cost, materials properties, and processing and fabrication requirements are subsequently covered. Finally, the chapter provides information on materials selection under general corrosion conditions and under conditions of localized corrosion forms such as pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking.
Book Chapter
Fire-Side Corrosion
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430290
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
...., the environment that causes SCC for one metal may be only mildly corrosive for another). If the environment is conducive, SCC can occur even on the fire side. Both carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel tubes in a boiler are susceptible to fire-side SCC failure. For SCC to occur, deposition of corrosive...
Abstract
Fossil fuels produce many byproducts that, if not fully combusted, put boiler tubes at risk. Fuel ash, chemical residues, and process heat pose the greatest threat and are the primary contributors to fireside corrosion. This chapter covers various types of fireside corrosion such as waterwall, fuel ash, and hot corrosion, acid dew-point or cold-end corrosion, and polythionic acid corrosion. It also addresses stress corrosion cracking and includes relevant case studies.
Book Chapter
A Stainless Steel Timeline
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790257
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
... Guillet Léon B. Guillet, professor of metallurgy and metal processing at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, publishes a series of research on iron-chromium alloys having carbon contents acceptably low for modern stainless steel analyses. He made his steels with carbon-free Goldschmidt chromium...
Abstract
This appendix is a timeline of events related to the discovery, development, and commercialization of stainless steels.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Steels and Cast Irons
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mgppis.t60400001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-258-7
.... The system is not as clearly organized as the AISI/SAE system for plain carbon steels, because the number designations overlap. For example, within the 4 xx series, 405 and 409 designate ferritic stainless steels, while 403 and 410 designate martensitic stainless steels; within the 3 xx series, 321 and 330...
Abstract
This chapter introduces the metallographer to the various types of steels and cast irons and explains how they are classified and defined. Classification and designation details are provided for plain carbon steels, alloy steels, and gray, white, ductile, and malleable cast irons.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.9781627082532
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.9781627083560
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.9781627083041
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
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