Fig. 69 Residual-stress distribution of carburized SAE 1018 steel with a film-carbide layer formed due to a high carburizing potential. The surface layer consisted of 16% Fe 3 C, 16% retained austenite, and the balance was as-quenched martensite. More

Fig. 8.31 Air-cooled AISI/SAE 1018 steel showing a ferrite plus pearlite microstructure. Equal parts 4% picral (aged) mixed with 2% nital etch. 200× More

Fig. 8.32 Cold-finished AISI/SAE 1018 steel showing ferrite plus pearlite microstructure. Equal parts 4% picral (aged) mixed with 2% nital etch. 200× More

Fig. 8.53 Differential interference contrast used for an air-cooled AISI/SAE 1018 steel (the same sample shown in Fig. 8.31 ). 4% picral followed by 2% nital etch. 1000× More

Fig. 3.9 Heating ( chauffage ) curve for a 1018 steel More

Fig. 3.10 Cooling ( refroidissement ) curve for a 1018 steel More

Fig. 4.9 A wrought 1018 steel slow cooled from 900 °C (1650 °F) to room temperature. The structure is dominated by white ferrite grains with only a small volume fraction of dark pearlite grains. Deformation direction is horizontal. Nital etch. Original magnification: 240× More

Fig. 5.10 SEM micrograph of a cleavage fracture surface on a 1018 steel. Original magnification 160× More

Fig. 5.12 SEM micrograph of a ductile fracture surface on a 1018 steel. Original magnification 2300× More

Fig. 8.12 Grain growth in a plain carbon 1018 steel versus a triple-alloyed 8620 steel at 1010 °C (1850 °F). The alloying elements cause a grain-boundary drag effect and inhibit grain growth. Source: Ref 8.7 More

Fig. 17.8 Section of a pack-carburized square bar of 1018 steel More

Fig. 17.15 Micrograph of a 1018 steel after nitrocarburizing at 570 °C (1060 °F) for 3 h and oil quenching. Source: Ref 17.2 , p 425 More

Fig. A.3 Flow stress of AISI 1018 sheet (2.13 mm) obtained by viscous pressure bulge test. Experimental strain range, bulge test: 0 to 1 More

Fig. 3.27 Surface tensile stresses in the outer layer of a carburized SAE 1018 steel caused by the presence of carbides. Source: Ref 42 More

Fig. 3 Effect of carbon on hardenability of carburized 1018 steel. Composition of 0.17 C, 0.72 Mn, 0.01 Si, 0.01 Cr, 0.007 Mo, with McQuaid-Ehn grain size 6–8. All bars normalized 925 °C (1700 °F). Core—austenitized 20 min, 925 °C. Case—pack carburized 9 h, 925 °C, direct quenched. Source More

Fig. 4.10 Uniform compression samples before and after deformation (left to right: AISI 1018 steel, INCO 718, Ti-6Al-4V) More

Fig. 8.52 Differential interference contrast used to reveal cold work in an AISI/SAE 1018 steel (the same sample shown in Fig. 8.32 ). 4% picral followed by 2% nital etch. 1000× More

Fig. 2.11 Micrographs showing different degrees of decarburization. (a) Total decarburization caused by severe furnace leak during gas carburization of 1018 steel (1% nital etch, 500×). (b) Partially decarburized specimen. 190× More

Fig. 53 Micrographs illustrating total and partial decarburization. (a) Total decarburization of 1018 steel caused by a furnace air leak. Etchant: 1% nital. Original magnification: 500×. (b) Illustration of partial decarburization. Original magnification: 190× More

Fig. 3.28 Portion of the aluminum-copper binary phase diagram. Temperature ranges for annealing, precipitation heat treating, and solution heat treating are indicated. The range for solution treating is below the eutectic melting point of 548 °C (1018 °F) at 5.65 wt% Cu. L, liquid; Al-CuAl 2 More