This chapter covers various consolidation techniques used in powder metallurgy, including laser sintering (pressureless sintering), hot pressing, high-pressure torsion, microwave sintering, spark plasma sintering, and pulse plasma sintering. It also discusses the effect of milling parameters on mechanically alloyed powders, their consolidation characteristics, and the properties of bulk components.

This chapter discusses the growing role of powder metallurgy in the production of intermetallic, Heusler, and high-entropy alloys. It reviews the challenges of producing these materials by conventional methods and the advantages of sinter-based PM techniques. It explains why PM processes are better suited for complex materials than casting and compares the properties of intermetallic, Heusler, and high-entropy alloys prepared by casting and powder-metal techniques.

This article discusses the composition, structure, and properties of iron-nickel-, nickel-, and cobalt-base superalloys and the effect of major alloying and trace elements. It describes the primary and secondary roles of each alloying element, the amounts typically used, and the corresponding effect on properties and microstructure. It also covers mechanical alloying and weldability and includes nominal composition data on many wrought and cast superalloys.