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1-7 of 7
Macrostructural evaluation
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.msisep.t59220039
EISBN: 978-1-62708-259-4
Abstract
This chapter discusses the practices and procedures used to reveal and record macrostructural features such as hardening depth, weld thickness, crack size, porosity, hot folds, and machining and tooling marks. It provides information on sectioning, sample location, orientation, surface grinding, and etching. It describes macrographic etchants and the features they reveal along with common etching problems and how to avoid them. It explains how to evaluate etching results and how they can be improved using remedial processes such as light grinding. It also discusses photographic reproduction, lighting, and image enhancement techniques.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270025
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the tools and techniques used to examine failure specimens and the wealth of information that can be obtained from fracture surfaces, cracks, wear patterns, and other such features. It discusses the use of metallography, fractography, and optical and electron microscopy. It presents a number of images recorded using these methods and explains what they reveal about the mode of fracture and the state of the component prior to failure.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270160
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
Abstract
The nose bullet of an aircraft engine developed a crack and was removed and examined to determine the cause. The bullet was made from a titanium alloy and was of welded construction. Close-up views show that the crack originated in an area of rework along the weld seam and propagated on either side. The case is a reminder that rework in a welded region requires careful planning and thought.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270168
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
Abstract
During cyclic spin tests, the turbine disc in an aircraft engine broke apart with a loud noise, followed by a fire. Based on a detailed examination and the results of SEM fractography and hardness measurements, failure analysts concluded that a locking plate became dislodged due to the shearing of the screws that hold it in place. They also provided recommendations to remediate the problem.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1984
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mpp.t67850001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-260-0
Abstract
This chapter describes several macroscopic examination techniques, including macroetching, contact printing, fracturing, and lead exudation. It explains how each method is implemented, why it is used, and what it reveals about manufacturing processes, defects, imperfections, and failure mechanisms.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1984
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mpp.t67850509
EISBN: 978-1-62708-260-0
Abstract
This appendix provides a list of etch compositions and procedures that reveal the macrostructure of aluminum, beryllium, bismuth, antimony, cobalt, copper, lead, magnesium, nickel, tin, titanium, zinc, and their respective alloys as well as iron, steel, noble metals, refractory metals, silicon, zirconium, and hafnium.