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1-20 of 42
Tensile testing
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.phtpp.t59380163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-456-7
Abstract
This chapter covers the steps and tests that are important to produce quality parts in heat treating. The quality tests discussed include hardness tests, such as Brinell, Rockwell, and microhardness tests. The chapter also examines tensile testing, toughness testing, optical metallography, and nondestructive testing. The chapter concludes by discussing in-process inspections and the final inspection.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.phtpp.9781627084567
EISBN: 978-1-62708-456-7
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.9781627084284
EISBN: 978-1-62708-428-4
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mpktmse.t56010001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-384-3
Abstract
Product design requires an understanding of the mechanical properties of materials, much of which is based on tensile testing. This chapter describes how tensile tests are conducted and how to extract useful information from measurement data. It begins with a review of the different types of test equipment used and how they compare in terms of loading force, displacement rate, accuracy, and allowable sample sizes. It then discusses the various ways tensile measurements are plotted and presents examples of each method. It examines a typical load-displacement curve as well as engineering and true stress-strain curves, calling attention to certain points and features and what they reveal about the test sample and, in some cases, the cause of the behavior observed. It explains, for example, why some materials exhibit discontinuous yielding while others do not, and in such cases, how to determine when yielding begins. It also explains how to determine other properties via tensile tests, including ductility, toughness, and modulus of resilience.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mpktmse.t56010019
EISBN: 978-1-62708-384-3
Abstract
This appendix provides readers with worked solutions to 25 problems involving calculations associated with tensile testing and the determination of mechanical properties and variables. The problems deal with engineering factors and considerations such as stress and strain, loading force, sample lengthening, and machine stiffness, and with mechanical properties and parameters such as elastic modulus, Young’s modulus, strength coefficient, strain-hardening exponent, and modulus of resilience. They also cover a wide range of materials including various grades of aluminum and steel as well as iron, titanium, brass, and copper alloys.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mpktmse.9781627083843
EISBN: 978-1-62708-384-3
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ems.t53730023
EISBN: 978-1-62708-283-9
Abstract
The mechanical behavior of a material, in the most practical sense, is how it deforms or breaks under load; in other words, how it responds when stressed. This chapter provides a brief review of the properties associated with mechanical behavior, including stress, strain, elasticity, plastic deformation, ductility, hardness, creep, fatigue, and fracture. It also describes the primary components of a Charpy impact tester and the role they serve.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.t53720001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the various inspection methods used with metals and alloys, namely visual inspection, coordinate measuring machines, machine vision, hardness testing, tensile testing, chemical analysis, metallography, and nondestructive testing. The nondestructive testing methods discussed are liquid penetrant inspection, magnetic particle inspection, eddy current inspection, radiographic inspection, and ultrasonic testing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.t53720117
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
Abstract
This chapter is a detailed account of the tensile testing procedure used for evaluating metals and alloys. The discussion covers the stress-strain behavior of metals determined by tensile testing, properties determined from testing, test machines for measuring mechanical properties, and general procedures of tensile testing. Three distinct aspects of standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials are discussed: test piece preparation, geometry, and material condition; test setup and equipment; and test procedure.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.9781627083058
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610025
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
Abstract
This chapter discusses the stress-strain response of materials, how it is measured, and how it used to set performance expectations. It begins by describing the common tensile test and how it sheds light on the elastic design of structures as well as plasticity and fracture behaviors. It explains how engineering and true stress-strain curves differ, how one is used for design and the other for analyzing metal forming operations. It discusses the effect of holes, fillets, and radii on the distribution of stresses and the use of notch tensile testing to detect metallurgical embrittlement. The chapter also covers compression, shear, and torsion testing, the prediction of yielding, residual stress, and hardness.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.9781627083034
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smff.t53400033
EISBN: 978-1-62708-316-4
Abstract
This chapter discusses the factors that influence the load-deformation relationship at the heart of most metal forming operations. It describes the changes that occur in tensile test samples and the various ways test data can be plotted and analyzed, particularly for design purposes. It discusses the effect of normal and planar anisotropy, the development and use of flow stress curves, and how formability is usually measured and expressed. It explains how formability measurements serve as a guide for process and tool design engineers as well as others. It also discusses the development and use of forming limit curves and the extensive amount of information they provide.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060149
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
Abstract
This chapter explains how metallography and hardness testing are used to evaluate the quality and condition of metal products. It also discusses the use of tensile testing, fracture toughness and impact testing, fatigue testing, and nondestructive test methods including ultrasonic, x-ray, and eddy current testing.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.9781627082617
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870351
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
Abstract
This chapter discusses composite testing procedures, including tension, compression, shear, flexure, and fracture toughness testing as well as adhesive shear, peel, and honeycomb flatwise tension testing. It also discusses specimen preparation, environmental conditioning, and data analysis.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240201
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
Abstract
The mechanical behavior of a material is its response to an applied load or force. Important mechanical properties are strength, hardness, stiffness, and ductility. This chapter discusses three principal ways in which these properties are tested: tension, compression, and shear. Important tensile properties that can be determined by the tensile test include yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, ductility, resilience, and toughness. The chapter describes the effects of stress concentrations on ductile metals under cyclic loads. Other topics covered include combined stresses, yield criteria, and residual stresses of metals.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smnm.t52140039
EISBN: 978-1-62708-264-8
Abstract
Metals are used in many engineering applications because of their mechanical properties, particularly strength and ductility. This chapter explains how mechanical properties are measured and how to interpret the results. It describes the most widely used tests, including tensile tests; Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, and Knoop hardness tests; and Charpy V-notch impact tests. The chapter also provides information on loading conditions that can lead to fatigue failure, and in some cases, counteract or prevent it.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870045
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
Abstract
This chapter familiarizes readers with the methods used to quantify the effects of fatigue on component lifetime and failure. It discusses the development and use of S-N (stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure) curves, the emergence of strain-based approaches to fatigue analysis, and important refinements and modifications. It demonstrates the use of approximate equations, including the method of universal slopes and the four-point correlation technique, which provides reasonable estimates of elastic and plastic lines from information obtained in standard tensile tests. It also discusses high-cycle, low-cycle, and ultra-high cycle fatigue and presents several models that are useful for fatigue life predictions.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
Abstract
A compressor blade made of titanium alloy fractured during an engine test. The material and processing conditions of the blade were found to be satisfactory, turning the focus of the investigation to operating anomalies and human error. A photograph of the failed blade shows well-defined chevron marks along the fracture surface that end in a shear lip on the convex side. Further examination using a SEM shows that the failure was due to overload. Based on these observations and the results of tensile testing and microstructural analysis, investigators concluded that a sudden impact load on the concave side of the blade caused it to fracture.
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