This article discusses the production, properties, and uses of high-alloy white irons. It explains how the composition and melt are controlled to produce a large volume of eutectic carbides, making these irons particularly hard and resistant to wear, and how the metallic matrix supporting the carbide phase can be adjusted via alloy content and heat treatment to optimize the balance between abrasion resistance and impact toughness. It also describes the effect of alloying elements and inoculants on various properties and behaviors and provides information on commercial alloy grades and applications.

This article provides an overview of tool steels, discussing their composition, properties, and behaviors. It covers all types and classes of wrought and powder metal tool steels, including high-speed steels, hot and cold-work steels, shock-resisting steels, and mold steels. It explains how the properties of these steels are determined by alloying elements, such as tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, manganese, and chromium, and the presence of alloy carbides. It describes the types of carbides that form and how they contribute to wear resistance, toughness, high-temperature strength, and other properties.

This article provides an overview of austenitic manganese steels. It describes the standard composition ranges of commercial products and explains how various alloying elements affect mechanical properties, processing, and performance. The article also discusses special grades of manganese steels and the types of applications for which they have been developed.

This article discusses the composition, structures, properties, and behaviors of aluminum alloys and explains how they correspond to specific alloying elements. It begins with an overview of the general characteristics of wrought and cast aluminum alloys, the four-digit classification system by which they are defined, and the applications for which they are suited. It then explains how primary alloying elements, second-phase constituents, and impurities affect yield strength, phase formation, and grain size and how they induce structural changes that help refine certain alloys. The article also explains how primary alloying elements affect corrosion and wear behaviors and how they influence fabrication processes such as forming, forging, welding, brazing, and soldering.

This chapter provides the definitions of fundamental wear mechanisms. The chapter describes the properties and applications of materials used for wear resistance. It discusses the processes involved in screening tests for wear resistance. In addition, the practical application of wear-resistant principles is covered.