This chapter discusses the advantages and limitations of 3D printing technology for the production of batteries and supercapacitors. It explains how 3D printing methods facilitate the build of microdevices with hierarchical nanoarchitectures and controlled microstructure. It also reviews recent progress in fabricating electrodes and electrolytes using 3D-printed functional materials.

Passive components can be broadly divided into capacitors, resistors, and inductors. Failure analysis of these components helps determine the root cause and improve the overall quality and reliability of the electronic systems. This article describes different failure analysis approaches used for these components. It discusses different types of capacitors along with their constructions and failure modes. The types include tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, multi-layered ceramics, film, and super capacitors. The article then provides a discussion on the two common types of inductors, namely, common mode choke coil and surface mount powder choke coil.