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Mixed-mode fracture
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Book Chapter
Basic Single-Load Fracture Modes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
Abstract
From a fundamental standpoint, there are only two modes, or ways, in which metals can fracture under single, or monotonic, loads: shear and cleavage. There are fracture modes other than shear and cleavage. These include intergranular and quasi-cleavage fracture modes for single-load applications, and fatigue for multiple-load applications. Each of these fracture modes are discussed in this chapter. The factors affecting the ductile brittle relationship are also covered.
Book Chapter
Brittle Fracture
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630081
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
Abstract
A brittle fracture occurs at stresses below the material's yield strength (i.e., in the elastic range of the stress-strain diagram). This chapter focuses on brittle fracture in metals and, more specifically, ferrous alloys. It lists the factors that must all be present simultaneously in order to cause brittle fracture in a normally ductile steel. The chapter then discusses the macroscale characteristics and microstructural aspects of brittle fracture. A summary of the types of embrittlement experienced by ferrous alloys is presented. The chapter concludes with a brief section providing information on mixed fracture morphology.
Book Chapter
Failure of a Compressor Blade in an Aircraft Engine
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
Abstract
A compressor blade made of titanium alloy fractured during an engine test. The material and processing conditions of the blade were found to be satisfactory, turning the focus of the investigation to operating anomalies and human error. A photograph of the failed blade shows well-defined chevron marks along the fracture surface that end in a shear lip on the convex side. Further examination using a SEM shows that the failure was due to overload. Based on these observations and the results of tensile testing and microstructural analysis, investigators concluded that a sudden impact load on the concave side of the blade caused it to fracture.
Book Chapter
Fatigue and Life Prediction
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.gmpm.t51250293
EISBN: 978-1-62708-345-4
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the various kinds of gear wear and failure and how gear life in service is estimated and discusses the kinds of flaws in material that may lead to premature gear fatigue failure. The topics covered are alignment, gear tooth, surface durability and breakage of gear tooth, life determined by contact stress and bending stress, analysis of gear tooth failure by breakage after pitting, and metallurgical flaws that reduce the life of gears. The chapter briefly reviews some components in the design and structure of each gear and/or gear train that must be considered in conjunction with the teeth to enhance fatigue life.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mmfi.9781627083096
EISBN: 978-1-62708-309-6
Book Chapter
Fractography of Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780417
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
Abstract
This article depicts typical fractographic features for a number of different composite materials, covering interlaminar and translaminar fracture characteristics in composite materials.
Book Chapter
Functional Considerations of Design
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200083
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of factors that must be considered in the design of structural components for satisfactory service performance in terms of mechanical behavior of steel castings. The chapter discusses designing against yielding, excessive deflection, and creep and stress rupture. The chapter describes the three main approaches to evaluating and designing structures relative to fatigue resistance: the S-N curve approach for high cycle fatigue, the strain range approach for low cycle fatigue, and the fracture mechanics approach. Two approaches to design against brittle fracture are described, the ductile to brittle transition concept and the fracture mechanics approach. The chapter also discusses several types of corrosion behavior and emphasizes the need to interact with corrosion specialists in the design process. It illustrates the unique advantages that designers may gain by designing components as castings to achieve low stress concentrations economically.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1985
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sagf.9781627084529
EISBN: 978-1-62708-452-9
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1983
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mlt.t62860269
EISBN: 978-1-62708-348-5
Abstract
This chapter reviews the concepts of fracture mechanics and their application to materials evaluation and the design of cryogenic structures. Emphasis is placed on an explanation of technology, a review of fracture mechanics testing methods, and a discussion on the many factors contributing to the fracture behavior of materials at cryogenic temperatures. Three approaches of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics are covered, namely the crack opening displacement, the J-integral, and the R-curve methods. The chapter also discusses the influence of thermal and metallurgical effects on toughness at low temperatures.