Chapter 14: Melting

This chapter provides an overview of the types of melting furnaces and refractories for steel casting. It then presents information about arc furnace melting and induction melting cycles. The chapter also describes methods for the removal of phosphorous, the removal of sulfur, and the recovery of elements from slag. It then presents an overview of argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD) refining and types of ladles. The chapter describes chemical analysis that is performed using either optical emission or x-ray spectrographs.