This chapter first introduces the various factors that may alter the physical and mechanical properties of aluminum castings that are addressed in the other chapters in the book. Then, it presents the historical development of aluminum castings, followed by a discussion on the advantages and limitations of aluminum castings. Next, the chapter describes the major trends that are influencing the increased use of aluminum castings. Finally, it introduces the considerations involved in the selection of an appropriate aluminum alloy and casting process for a given application.