The quality of thermally sprayed coatings depends on a lot of parameters (spraying power, feedstock injection, morphology of the parts, kinetics and environment). But among them, adherence between the coating and the substrate appears as the fundamental point. To favor a good interaction and also a good adherence between the coating and the substrate, it is often necessary to clean and prepare the substrate surface. Conventionally, solvents and sand-blasting are applied to remove the contaminants and increase the surface roughness for a mechanical anchorage. But according to the substrate nature (ceramic) or the substrate morphology, it can be prejudicial to apply a mechanical treatment due to a peeling of the surface or a decrease of the global properties. By this way some other treatments have to be investigated in order to obtain an appropriate preparation. From all of them (water jet, ice blasting, heating treatment, etc.), laser ablation can be an interesting technology to prepare the substrate surface. The aim of this work was to study the modifications induced by 10 ns single or cumulative pulses of a Q-switched Nd:YAG near-infrared laser and its influence on the interface adhesion. The case of an alumina coating sprayed on a Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) has been studied. In these conditions, the laser treatment seems favorable from the adherence point of view according to the mechanical effect (induced by a cone-like structure) and the chemical effect