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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 12 September 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23A.a0006854
EISBN: 978-1-62708-392-8
Abstract
Due to its layer-by-layer process, 3D printing enables the formation of complex geometries using multiple materials. Three-dimensional printing for bone tissue engineering is called bioprinting and refers to the use of material-transfer processes for patterning and assembling biologically relevant materials, molecules, cells, tissues, and biodegradable biomaterials with a prescribed organization to accomplish one or more biological functions. Currently, 3D bioprinting constructs can be classified into two categories: acellular and cellular. This article introduces and discusses these two approaches based on the suitable materials for these constructs and the fabrication processes used to manufacture them. The materials are grouped into polymers, metals, and hydrogels. The article also summarizes the commonly used 3D printing techniques for these materials, as well as cell types used for various applications. Lastly, current challenges in tissue engineering are discussed.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2008, Thermal Spray 2008: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 604-608, June 2–4, 2008,
Abstract
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Nanostructured materials are of widespread interest because of the unique properties they offer. We have demonstrated that nanocrystalline 6061 and 5083 aluminum powders, prepared using liquid nitrogen (LN2) ball milling, can be consolidated using the cold spray process. TEM analysis of the cold spray coatings reveals that the cold spray process caused significant grain refinement. Gas atomized 6061 and 5083 aluminum powders were ball milled in liquid nitrogen resulting in a powder microstructure containing 250-400 nm grains. Cold spray coatings prepared using these feed stock materials exhibited homogenous microstructures with grain sizes of 30-50 nm. TEM analysis of the as-received powders, ball milled powders, and coatings are shown. Mechanical property measurements made using nano-indentation techniques show that the hardness of the coatings prepared using the LN2 ball milled 6061 is approximately double the hardness of the coatings prepared using the same powder in its as-received condition.