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O. Freneaux
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Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2003, Thermal Spray 2003: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 1507-1511, May 5–8, 2003,
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The morphologies of Y-PSZ coatings remelted after (i.e., post-treated) or simultaneously (i.e., in situ) with their deposition were observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy in order to study the behavior of the coatings during laser irradiation. A change in the microstructure, from lamellar to dendritic, was observed in both cases. Moreover, cracks and delaminations are less emphasized for the coatings treated during deposition than for those treated after deposition. Finally, the pore connectivity was evaluated implementing an electrochemical test. Results clearly indicate that the coatings obtained by in situ laser remelting are significantly more impervious than as-sprayed coatings.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2003, Thermal Spray 2003: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 1609-1615, May 5–8, 2003,
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Several studies have been undertaken recently to adapt Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia (Y-PSZ) thermal barrier coating (TBC) characteristics during their manufacturing process. Thermal spraying implementing laser irradiation appears as one of these possibilities to modify the coating morphology. This study aims at presenting the results concerning in situ (i.e., simultaneous treatment) and a posteriori (i.e., posttreatment) laser treatments implementing a high power laser diode. In both cases, the coatings were atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS). Laser irradiation was achieved using a 3 kW, average power, laser diode, exhibiting an 848 nm wavelength. Experiments were performed to reach two goals. First, laser post-treatments aimed at building a map of the laser processing parameter effects on the coating microstructure, in order to estimate the laser processing parameters, which seem to be suited to the change into in situ coating remelting. Second, in situ coating remelting aimed at quantifying the involved phenomena. In that case, the coating was treated layer by layer as it was manufactured. The input energy effect was studied by varying the scanning velocity (i.e., between 35 and 60 m.min -1 ), and consequently the irradiation time (i.e., between 1.8 and 3.1 ms, respectively).
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 196-201, March 17–19, 1999,
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Surface preparation prior to thermal spraying is a key step in ensuring a good adhesion of the coating onto the part to be coated. This article discusses the effects of laser treatment conditions on the substrate topography and coating adhesion. It investigates the properties of various types of coating applied to aluminum and titanium substrates using the PROTAL process. The paper compares the results obtained from coating of substrates directly in the "machined" state with those of a classical process (degreasing and subsequent sandblasting using aluminum oxide before coating). The results show that the PROTAL process offers the potential to avoid degreasing and steel shot blasting in numerous coating systems even with critical material combinations. In addition, the economic aspects of the process are discussed. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1998, Thermal Spray 1998: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 1321-1325, May 25–29, 1998,
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Thermal spray techniques can fulfill numerous industrial applications. Coatings are hence applied to resist against wear, corrosion, or to modify the surface characteristics of the substrate (e.g., conductivity, etc.). However, many of these applications remain inhibited by some deposit characteristics, such as a limited coating adhesion or pores, or by industrial costs since several non-synchronized steps (i.e., degreasing, sand-blasting and spraying) are needed to manufacture a deposit. The Protal process was designed to reduce the aforementioned difficulties by implementing simultaneously a Q-switched laser and a thermal spray torch. The laser irradiation is aimed to eliminate the contamination films and oxide layers, to generate a surface state enhancing the deposit adhesion and to limit the contamination of the deposited layers by condensed vapors. From Protal arises the possibility to reduce, indeed suppress, the preliminary steps of degreasing and sand-blasting. In addition, in some cases, a significant increase in the deposit adhesion versus standard preparation, a decrease of the porosity level and the increase of the deposit cohesion represent important additional effects of the process.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1998, Thermal Spray 1998: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 1409-1413, May 25–29, 1998,
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In this work, the benefits of the Protal process were investigated, comparing adhesion and morphology of different APS thermal spray copper coatings onto an aluminum base substrate. The Protal process operates simultaneously an atmospheric thermal spray torch and a Q-switched laser (Nd:YAG) to perform surface preparation and coating deposition in a single operation. In that case, substrates are coated rough from the machine shop, i.e. without any prior surface preparation. Results obtained in this way were compared with results obtained using a classical procedure, Le, degreasing followed by sandblasting prior to coating deposition.