Quenched and tempered (Q&T) medium-C steels with various V and Mo additions were studied to understand the relationship between alloy carbide precipitation and hydrogen absorption and trapping behaviours. Heat treatments were selected in the temperature range favourable for V carbide formation, 500-600 °C, leading to higher hardness compared to similar V- and Mo-free alloys due to precipitation hardening. Heat-treated coupons were electrochemically charged to introduce hydrogen, and the bulk hydrogen concentration was measured using melt extraction analysis. Hardness and dislocation density were measured for each tempered condition to relate these properties to the hydrogen absorption and trapping behaviours of each material. Results indicate that dislocation density as well as V and Mo carbide precipitation increase the extent of hydrogen absorbed during charging and the amount of hydrogen remaining trapped after holding at ambient temperature for up to 168 h (1 week).