Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
Update search
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
NARROW
Format
Topics
Subjects
Article Type
Volume Subject Area
Date
Availability
1-20 of 23
Bronze
Close
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
1
Sort by
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2024, Thermal Spray 2024: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 17-26, April 29–May 1, 2024,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
Cold atmospheric plasma spraying is used to produce thin coatings of copper and tin between 20-80 μm thickness for use in diffusion soldering. This study presents an alternative process to apply composite solders directly onto power electronic bare dies. The formation of intermetallic phases may be promoted by the homogeneous distribution of the Cu and Sn particles as they are presented not in a layered structure but as a pseudo alloy within the coating. The Cu and Sn powder is mixed in situ using two powder conveyors, enabling adjustable mix ratios. The presented approach has been shown to produce a homogeneous particle distribution within the coating. Furthermore, preliminary experiments indicate the feasibility of the technology for applications in diffusion soldering.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2024, Thermal Spray 2024: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 108-113, April 29–May 1, 2024,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
In Laser Cladding, a differentiation must be made between cladding by brazing and cladding by welding regarding process parameters and the resulting material properties. Results of investigations of bronze cladding on steel parts produced by Laser Deposition Brazing will be presented. This means that a strong metallurgical bond is realized by diffusion processes by Laser Deposition Brazing, but the steel base material is not molten. The coatings were characterized by hardness distribution measurements from the bronze cladding to the steel substrate, by measuring the size of the heat-affected zone and by porosity measurements. This combination of a steel substrate and a local bronze coating is used industrially in many tribological applications, such as plain bearings or hydraulic pumps etc. The bronze offers excellent tribological properties. In some cases, the bronze is used as a complete solid part. However, applying the bronze locally to a steel base body instead of using a complete solid bronze component, offers the advantage of the higher modulus of elasticity of the steel, which provides greater stability of shape with regard to possible elastic deformations as these coated parts are exposed to high mechanical loads, it is essential that a high coating quality is achieved by laser cladding and that the properties are extensively and purposefully characterized. The production technology, the characterization and the industrial applications of such bronze coated steel parts are presented and explained in this contribution.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2022, Thermal Spray 2022: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 622-630, May 4–6, 2022,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
Mechanical and fatigue properties of cold sprayed (CS) Cu 20 Sn bell metal were tested in order to assess the potential applicability of the technology to repair impact areas of church bells. The CS bell metal was compared to its traditional cast counterparts, a fine-grained Cu 22 Sn bell metal seen in small bells, and a coarse-grained Cu 20 Sn seen in large bells. Similar to other CS metals, it was shown that both the strength as well as the fatigue crack growth rates at low loading are similar to the cast materials. The fracture toughness of the CS material was comparable with the finegrained Cu 22 Sn bell metal, while both were significantly lower than the coarse-grained Cu 20 Sn bell metal. The impact damage rate of the CS material determined by a periodic impact test was significantly higher than the (finegrained) cast material. Both materials showed a stabilized, very slow damage rate after the relatively fast initial crater formation. The results presented in this paper identify CS as a feasible restoration technology for church bells, and the introduced methodology presents a characterization method for quantitative description of bell metal impact damage.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2022, Thermal Spray 2022: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 1000-1005, May 4–6, 2022,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
Abradable seal coatings are widely employed in the gas turbine of aero-engine, which not only strength enough to resist the impact of external particles and airflow, but also excellent wear resistance. In the current study, we concentrate on APS sprayed Aluminum Bronze Polyester abradable coating that can be used in turbo engines both for seals and clearance control. A composite thermal spray powder, substantially in the form of clad particles each of which has coarse polyester powders and sub-particles of Cu-Al alloy powders, was prepared using mechanically clad process. Abradable seal coating was prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. The microstructure, hardness, bonding strength, thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance of coatings were researched. Properties of the coating were able to meet the application requirements. The coating microstructures and phase compositions were evaluated via SEM. The corrosion mechanisms of the coating were compared by analyzing the cross-sectional and top surface microstructures of the as-sprayed and eroded coatings.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2021, Thermal Spray 2021: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 553-560, May 24–28, 2021,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
The present study compares needed prerequisites for the application of cavitation resistant bronzes by applying different coating techniques, such as cold spraying, HVOF spraying, warm spraying and arc spraying. By optimization to optimum cavitation resistance, the deposited coatings can increase the service life of ship rudders significantly and even serve as repair processes for ship propellers. The given overview aims to support the selection of processes when specifying the target properties to be set with regard to cavitation protection. By using high-pressure warm spraying and cold spraying, properties similar to those of cast nickel aluminum bronze were achieved, however at relatively high costs. In contrast, coatings produced by using HVOF and arc spraying have erosion rates that are only about four respectively three times higher as compared to cast nickel aluminum bronze, while far outperforming bulk shipbuilding steel. Hence, their properties should be sufficient for acceptable service life or docking intervals for ship rudder applications. Propeller repair might demand for better coating properties as obtained by cold spraying. With respect to costs, HVOF and arc spraying in summary might represent a good compromise to reach coating properties needed in application.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2021, Thermal Spray 2021: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 561-568, May 24–28, 2021,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
One of the main levers to reduce CO2 emissions in cars and trucks is mass and friction reduction, which is often achieved through the use of special coatings. The aim of the present work was to develop metal-ceramic-lubricant composite coatings with the best combination of wear, seizure, fatigue, and thermal resistance. Metal-based coatings incorporating hard particles and solid lubricants were cold sprayed onto steel substrates and the relationship between coating microstructure and tribology was studied. To meet the demanding tribological requirements of heavily loaded engines, the interfaces between the different components were optimized by selecting appropriate feedstock powders and assessing a wide range of process parameters. Alumina-reinforced bronze composite coatings were made from powders with different morphologies. Aggregated ceramic powders were found to be more beneficial in terms of wear than massive powders, and graphite was found to be effective for reducing seizure.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2019, Thermal Spray 2019: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 701-708, May 26–29, 2019,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
This study evaluates the erosion-corrosion performance of thermal spray hardcoats on bronze-coated gray cast iron. In the experiments, gray cast iron plates are coated with a bronze powder by PTA welding and the coatings are characterized based on microstructure and corrosion and wear testing. The bronze coatings provide good corrosion protection, but are shown to be susceptible to cavitation and erosion wear. To compensate, thermal spray hardcoats, including atmospheric plasma sprayed Al 2 O 3 and Cr 2 O 3 and HVOF sprayed WC-Co, were applied over bronze-coated cast iron and corrosion and wear tests were performed. It is shown that the thermal spray hardcoats greatly improve wear resistance, but despite their interconnected porosities, do not affect the corrosion performance of the underlying bronze.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2018, Thermal Spray 2018: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 120-125, May 7–10, 2018,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
ASTM C633 has been an industry standard for determining thermal spray coating adhesion and cohesion strengths for nearly 40 years. The test, however, has several drawbacks that can greatly affect the results. The epoxies used cannot withstand stresses greater than 15,000psi, producing data that may suggest coatings cannot function beyond the epoxy threshold under uniaxial tensile loading, resulting in data that can only be used for general quality control or acceptance testing. Previously published data shows coatings functioning beyond C633 limits, yet there is no standardized test to show true functional stress limitations. A four-point bend test method with an instrumented strain-gage has been used to show coating adhesion well beyond the yield point of the steel substrates and beyond the C633 limits for three materials and thermal spray processes: electric arc sprayed aluminum bronze, plasma sprayed alumina, and HVOF WC/Co/Cr. A strain-gage is applied to a prepared coating surface on a bend bar and loaded under tension or compression. The MTS universal load frame force data is used to calculate the stress at the coating/substrate interface by beam theory equations, allowing for stress and strain vs displacement curves to be generated and directly compared against C633 data for coating adhesion strengths. The resulting data can indicate microscopic coating behavior (cracking, de-bonding) as a result of the test sensitivity and can ultimately be used as design data for the practicing engineer.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2018, Thermal Spray 2018: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 736-743, May 7–10, 2018,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
The alloys CuAl9Ni5Fe4Mn and CuMn13Al8Fe3Ni2 were arc-sprayed with a spiral-shaped pattern in this work, using both pressurized air and a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen. Process temperatures were recorded by thermographic imaging and residual stresses were measured by modified hole-drilling method. Moreover, analyses of the cavitation erosion behavior and other properties were carried out. It was found that a change in the spray pattern can strongly reduce residual stresses and material loss by cavitation erosion.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2017, Thermal Spray 2017: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 114-120, June 7–9, 2017,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
The highly cavitation erosion resistant propeller alloys CuAl9Ni5Fe4Mn and CuMn13Al8Fe3Ni2 were arc sprayed with different traverse speeds by using a mixture of nitrogen and 2 % of hydrogen as atomising gas. Residual stresses were measured by the modified hole-drilling method using ESPI. Microstructural, chemical and mechanical analyses were realised to examine adhesive and cohesive properties. Additionally, the cavitation erosion behaviour was investigated. In comparison to coatings sprayed with pressurised air, the results of the study show superior coating qualities with regard to microstructure, cavitation erosion resistance and residual stresses.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2017, Thermal Spray 2017: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 208-213, June 7–9, 2017,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
In current process techniques to manufacture sliding bearings, bronze components are soldered to the respective parts, which is cost and energy intensive. Apart from that, so far most bearing materials still contain lead, which in new applications is omitted by EU law to avoid associated health risks. The present study aims to offer solutions for both by using cold gas spraying as additive manufacturing technique for processing bearings directly onto steel parts and by applying that to new lead-free bronze alloys. A lead-free bronze alloy was processed as powders by gas atomization and classified to optimum sizes for cold spraying. During cold spraying, the process gas pressures and temperatures as well as the substrate temperature were varied with the aim to study influences by impact conditions and effective surface temperature on particle deformation and bonding. Respective coatings show low porosity, high hardness and high electrical conductivities. With properties similar to that of bulk cast material respectively manufactured parts should meet the requirements for new bearing applications.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2016, Thermal Spray 2016: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 144-150, May 10–12, 2016,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
Bronze materials such as Ni-Al-bronze show exceptional performance against corrosion, erosive wear, and cavitation erosion due to their high fatigue strength and resistance to plastic deformation, and are thus used for ship propellers and in turbines, pumps, and other equipment where alternating stresses occur. Usually, the respective parts are cast, but in this study, a number of opportunities are evaluated to apply bronze as a coating to critical part surfaces. Initial experiments with cold gas spraying were promising enough to assess the use of warm spraying, a nitrogen-cooled HVOF process that provides similar particle impact velocities but higher particle temperatures, while still minimizing the effects of oxidation. The formation and performance of warm sprayed Ni-Al-bronze coatings was systematically investigated for different combustion pressures and nitrogen flow rates. Substrate preheating was also used to improve coating adhesion. The coatings obtained show low porosities, high strengths, and in some cases, cavitation resistance similar to that of the bulk material.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2015, Thermal Spray 2015: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 1098-1104, May 11–14, 2015,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
Fast streaming fluid media causes cavitation-erosion in pumps, ship-propellers and rudders. To avoid severe damage, materials with high resistance against plastic deformation and a high fatigue strength should be used. Bronzes fulfill these criteria, but as-cast bulk parts are rather costly. A promising alternative is cold-spray deposition of dense and oxide-free coatings onto exposed surfaces. To achieve high quality bronze coatings by cold-spraying, parameter optimization has to tackle the high hardness of the feedstock powder materials. Additionally, practical limits due to nozzle clogging have to be considered, which may occur at gas temperatures above 700 °C. The present study investigates possible solutions by systematic process parameter and feedstock material optimization, including variation of bronze compositions. Thus, dense coating microstructures and - in consequence - high hardness and good cavitation resistance were obtained. Cold-spray coatings reach up to 8 times better cavitation resistance as compared to conventional ship-building steel (GL-A).
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2014, Thermal Spray 2014: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 59-64, May 21–23, 2014,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
The present study investigates the microstructure and properties of cold spray coatings produced from gas-atomized CuAl10Fe5Ni5 powders. To obtain information relevant to ship rudder cavitation-erosion performance, GL-A shipbuilding steel, equivalent to S235, was chosen as the substrate material. Thick Cu-Al-bronze coatings were deposited on grit-blasted plates using a wide range of parameter sets with different powder treatments, nozzle geometries, gas and substrate temperatures, and particle impact conditions. Coating samples were examined via SEM and XRD analysis, cavitation tests were performed, and bond strengths were measured. Powder and single impact morphologies were also investigated and, along with coating properties and structures, are correlated with spraying conditions. The results indicate that cold sprayed bronze coatings have good potential for ship rudder protection.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2014, Thermal Spray 2014: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 142-145, May 21–23, 2014,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
Manufacturing a die-cast workpiece with a thermal spray coating usually requires multiple steps. An alternative approach demonstrated in this study integrates the spray process into a high-pressure die casting step, eliminating the need for surface preparation and post processing of the coating. To achieve this, the coating is applied to a mold insert rather than the workpiece. During pressure casting, the melt infiltrates the coating and thus creates a joint. Depending on the coating and substrate, a bonding connection similar to brazing is possible. The ability to manufacture coatings this way makes it possible to coat inside diameters well below the limit of an internal spray gun.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2014, Thermal Spray 2014: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 756-762, May 21–23, 2014,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
This paper presents the results of metallographic investigations of electric arc sprayed composite coatings for the manufacture or refurbishment of bearing components. The materials studied include iron aluminide and aluminum bronze, and their interface microstructure was examined by optical and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2011, Thermal Spray 2011: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 1014-1016, September 27–29, 2011,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
Characterization of coatings made with the help of Computer Controlled Detonation Spraying (CCDS) was performed. The applied coatings include hard alloys (WC/Co -75/25, WC/Co - 88/12, WC/Co/Cr - 86/10/4, and Cr 2 C 3 / NiCr), aluminum oxide, nickel-chromium self-fluxing alloy, titanium, bronze, and stainless steel. Tribological investigations of coatings were provided using abrasion test (ASTM standard G65), erosion test (ASTM standard G76), and hydro-abrasive test. To make hydro-abrasive tests special device and method were elaborated based on the interaction of water jet saturated with corundum particles with a coating surface.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2010, Thermal Spray 2010: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 183-188, May 3–5, 2010,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
Damage of marine screw propeller parts made of aluminum bronze cast material caused by cavitation erosion is one of the serious problems. Erosion resistant thermal spray coating on aluminum-bronze material is expected to extend lifetime of such propellers. In this study, Cobalt-based alloy coatings sprayed by; (a) atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), (b) low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) and (c) high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying and aluminum bronze cast material were evaluated by cavitation erosion test using magnetostrictive cavitation test equipment. Fracture morphology of cavitation eroded coating surfaces were analyzed by surface observations with SEM and also the amount of volume loss was measured. Cobalt-based alloy coatings sprayed by LPPS exhibited superior cavitation erosion resistance compared to aluminum bronze cast material and coatings by APS and HVOF. Moreover, mechanical properties of Cobalt-based alloy coatings were investigated in detail by nanoindentation technique. It is found that cavitation erosion resistance of coatings is subjected to interparticle cohesive strength.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2009, Thermal Spray 2009: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 255-260, May 4–7, 2009,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
This study compares the deposition behavior of kinetic sprayed bronze-diamond composite coatings produced using different mixtures of helium and nitrogen gas. To determine impact properties of the diamond particles, bare and nickel-coated diamonds are deposited on bronze layers and the effects of plastic deformation are examined using SEM and finite-element analysis. The results indicate that the deposition efficiency of diamond is determined by several factors and depends more on the angle and shape of the diamond particles than on the deformation properties of the bronze matrix.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2008, Thermal Spray 2008: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 1251-1256, June 2–4, 2008,
Abstract
View Paper
PDF
In this paper, tin-bronze/TiN and tin-bronze/quasicrystal (AlCuFeB) composite coatings were fabricated by cold spray process. Microstructures and microhardness of coatings were characterized. Ball-on-disc dry sliding wear tests were conducted in an ambient condition to examine the tribological performance of the composite coatings. The results show that the microhardness and densities of composite coatings increase significantly compared to those of the pure tin-bronze coating. The friction coefficients of coatings decrease with the introduction of reinforces. Furthermore, the tin-bronze/quasicrystal composite coating yields a lower friction coefficient and wear rate compared to the bronze/TiN coating. The tribological mechanisms were discussed.
1