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Vickers hardness testing
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Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2021, Thermal Spray 2021: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 386-395, May 24–28, 2021,
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This study developed microstructure-based finite element (FE) models to investigate the behavior of cold-sprayed aluminum-alumina (Al-Al2O3) metal matrix composite (MMCs) coatings subject to indentation and quasi-static compression. Based on microstructural features (i.e., particle weight fraction, particle size, and porosity) of the MMC coatings, representative volume elements (RVEs) were generated by using Digimat software and then imported into ABAQUS/Explicit. State-of-the-art physics-based modelling approaches were incorporated into the model to account for particle cracking, interface debonding, and ductile failure of the matrix. This allowed for analysis and informing on the deformation and failure responses. The model was validated with experimental results for cold-sprayed Al-18 wt.% Al2O3, Al-34 wt.% Al2O3, and Al-46 wt.% Al2O3 metal matrix composite coatings under quasi-static compression by comparing the stress versus strain histories and observed failure mechanisms (e.g., matrix ductile failure). The results showed that the computational framework is able to capture the response of this cold-sprayed material system under compression and indentation, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The outcomes of this work have implications for extending the model to materials design and under different types of loading (e.g., erosion and fatigue).
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2014, Thermal Spray 2014: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 860-865, May 21–23, 2014,
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This study evaluates the friction and wear behavior of iron-base coatings produced by arc spraying using experimental cored wires. Coating microstructure was analyzed and various wear tests were performed. The results show that the tribological properties of the ferrous coating materials are greatly affected by porosity, oxide inclusions, particle shape, and microhardness.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2014, Thermal Spray 2014: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 962-967, May 21–23, 2014,
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This study evaluates an internal diameter HVAF spray system and compares coatings characteristics obtained with WC and Cr 3 C 2 based powders with those achieved via standard HVAF spraying. Coating microstructure, phase composition, hardness, roughness, and corrosion resistance are investigated and the potential for further optimization is discussed. It is also shown that the new system can be used for grit-blasting as well as spraying.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2013, Thermal Spray 2013: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 451-456, May 13–15, 2013,
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Adhesion strength of thermally sprayed coatings is usually measured in accordance with the tensile method specified by ISO 14916. A major limitation of the method, however, is that it cannot measure adhesion strengths greater than that of the glue used to prepare the test specimen. Indentation testing, by virtue of its simplicity and practicality, is a promising alternative in such cases. Collaborative work has been conducted by members of the Japan Thermal Spray Society (JTSS) to establish a standard method for measuring coating adhesion using a conventional Vickers indenter. This paper provides an overview of the experimental and theoretical work that was done and describes the criteria proposed to quantify adhesion strength based on standardized test procedures.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2012, Thermal Spray 2012: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 231-236, May 21–24, 2012,
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Cold gas dynamic spraying (“cold spraying”) at low pressure (150 psig) was used to fabricate Al-Al 2 O 3 metal-matrix composite (MMC) coatings onto 6061 Al alloy. The powder contained -45 µm Al stock powder admixed with -10 Al 2 O 3 in fractions ranging from 0-90 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers microhardness testing, and image analysis were conducted on the as-sprayed coatings. The coatings were then friction-stir processed (FSP) using a milling machine and a 12 mm diameter cylindrical tool. Microhardness testing, SEM, and image analysis were then repeated to study the effect that FSP had on the MMC coating hardness. Hardness increased with increasing fraction of Al 2 O 3 in the feedstock powder, resulting in a maximum as-sprayed coating hardness of 85 HV when 90 wt% Al 2 O 3 is used. After FSP, the hardness of the MMC fabricated from a 90 wt% Al 2 O 3 powder blend increased to a maximum of 140 HV. SEM micrographs showed that the as-sprayed MMC coatings contained Al 2 O 3 particles that had been trapped between the larger Al particles. FSP succeeded in redistributing the Al 2 O 3 particles, decreasing the mean free interparticle distance and increasing the probability of load sharing between the reinforcing particles. It was suggested that this redistribution may be the primary reason for hardness improvement in the MMC coatings.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2010, Thermal Spray 2010: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 352-357, May 3–5, 2010,
Abstract
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C-BNp/NiCrAl composite coating was deposited by cold spraying using a mechanically alloyed composite powder. To modify coating microstructure, especially the bonding at the interfaces between c-BN particles and NiCrAl alloy matrix, and bonding at the sprayed particle/particle interface, annealing treatment at series of temperatures in Ar atmosphere was carried out. The results show that a zigzag interface layer is formed at the interface between c-BN particle and NiCrAl matrix after annealing at 825°C for 300 min through reaction of c-BN with NiCrAl. It is also observed that the thickness of the interface reaction layer increases with the increasing annealing temperature. Moreover, the interface between spray particles and the plastic deformation ability of the cermet coating can be improved through post-spray annealing. Vickers microhardness test shows that the hardness decreases with increasing annealing temperature due to the reduction of work hardening effect and grain growth of NiCrAl alloy matrix resulting from recovery and recrystallization during annealing treatment.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2009, Thermal Spray 2009: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 285-289, May 4–7, 2009,
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This study assesses the effectiveness of nickel-coated diamond powder for producing metal-diamond composite coatings by cold spraying. The results of the investigation show that diamond fracturing was mitigated by the protective nickel coating. In general, the softer the metal matrix and the finer the diamond, the less fracturing that occurs and the greater the diamond fraction in the composite layer. It is also shown, however, that deposition efficiency and diamond fraction must be improved especially for diamond sizes of 50 μm and above.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2009, Thermal Spray 2009: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 779-785, May 4–7, 2009,
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In this investigation, flame spraying is used to deposit polyether ether ketone (PEEK) layers on stainless steel substrates and CO 2 and Nd:YAG laser remelting treatments are performed to densify the deposited material. Microstructural analysis of the as-sprayed and remelted coatings shows that both lasers are suitable for densifying PEEK polymer layers on stainless steel and that the resulting crystalline structure depends on laser processing parameters. Hardness measurements and tribological and scratch tests are also carried out and the results are correlated with microstructure.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2001, Thermal Spray 2001: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 599-605, May 28–30, 2001,
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Hard surfacing layers of WC-Co/Ni-based self-fusing alloy (SFA), Ni-based SFA and Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr alloy were formed using powder and an electron beam. When the layers were examined using the Vickers hardness test, a sand erosion test and an immersion corrosion test, they were found to display high erosion and corrosion resistance. The WC-Co/Ni-based SFA, Ni-based SFA, and Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr alloy layers displayed high hardness of 1400HV, 780HV and 900HV, respectively.