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Tensile adhesion testing
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Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2015, Thermal Spray 2015: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 732-735, May 11–14, 2015,
Abstract
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The shear test developed within a European research project has important advantages compared to the coating strength test mainly in use today, the adhesion strength test according to DIN EN 582 or ASTM C 633. One of the main advantages is that no glue is used avoiding any possible influences of the glue. Furthermore the test is a rapid process compared to the adhesion strength test as there is no gluing procedure. However a number of very important directions have to be obeyed in order to make sure that the shear test is correct and comparable results can be reached. This is very important as in many cases it is not possible to control after the test if the directions had not been correctly obeyed. A number of further rules need to be followed to make sure the test results are correct. Within this presentation these direction will be summarized and essential hints will be given to make sure the test is carried out in the correct way. Finally a comparison will be given between the tensile adhesive test and the shear test from the practical and economical point of view of obz innovation gmbh, a thermal and cold spray job shop.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2014, Thermal Spray 2014: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 169-172, May 21–23, 2014,
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This work investigates the properties of insulating coatings deposited by HVOF and atmospheric plasma spraying and the effects of various sealants. It is shown that adhesive tensile strength depends strongly on surface roughness and that the dielectric strength of a material is normally higher in the unsealed state. In the case of a new sealant, however, the dielectric strength of HVOF sprayed alumina coatings is shown to be higher in the sealed state, which potentially opens new applications in high-performance electronics.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2014, Thermal Spray 2014: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 707-710, May 21–23, 2014,
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The aim of this study is to clarify the factors that control the macroscale strength of cold spray coatings by evaluating local strength at the microscale. Using pure copper powder and high-pressure cold spray equipment, thick (15 mm) copper layers were deposited on aluminum substrates. The coatings were evaluated by SEM and EBSD analysis, then freestanding Cu specimens were fabricated in a FIB system, where in-situ micro tensile tests were carried out. The results are presented and discussed along with the role of microvoids.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2013, Thermal Spray 2013: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 29-34, May 13–15, 2013,
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This investigation employs tensile adhesion tests (TAT) and tubular coating tensile (TCT) tests to measure the adhesion and cohesion bond strength of plasma sprayed YSZ coatings. Tensile adhesion testing measures the bond strength of the YSZ-bond coat system perpendicular to the spray direction, while tubular coating tensile testing measures the intersplat strength of the YSZ coating parallel to the spray direction. In both cases, the failure strength of the coatings can be approximated to a Weibull distribution, indicative of anisotropic behavior as verified by Knoop microhardness indentation tests. The average coating strength parallel to the spray direction is shown to be about 1.5 times greater than the bond strength perpendicular to the spraying direction.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC2012, Thermal Spray 2012: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 746-751, May 21–24, 2012,
Abstract
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Adhesion/cohesion testing represents one of the most common methods for benchmarking and optimization of thermal spray coatings. However, due to the inhomogeneous coating microstructure, such testing may be quite troublesome. In this study, adhesion/cohesion strength of representative metallic and ceramic coatings deposited by Water Stabilized Plasma (WSP) spraying was evaluated by different methods, namely Tensile Adhesion Test (TAT), newly utilized pin test and Tubular Coating Tensile (TCT) test. Combination of various methods enabled the evaluation of the splat bonding quality in different loading modes. Limitations and benefits of each method for testing of WSP coatings are demonstrated. Dominating failure micromechanisms were determined by supplementary fractographic analysis.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2006, Thermal Spray 2006: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 1277-1282, May 15–18, 2006,
Abstract
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The adhesive strength between substrate and sprayed coatings seems to be mainly due to the mechanical interlocking effect. The physical bonding of spray particles to the substrate is the second factor. In this paper, the bonding mechanisms of sprayed coatings were studied on basis of experiments with the substrate at different surface roughness. The substrate surface roughness was quantitatively evaluated using a surface roughness tester. The tensile adhesion strength test method was used to evaluate the adhesive properties. The relationship between surface roughness and adhesive strength was investigated. The adhesive strength of plasma sprayed coating decreased with an increase in substrate surface roughness, as the size of the grit particles for roughening increased. On the contrary, the adhesive strength of arc sprayed coating increased.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2002, Thermal Spray 2002: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 813-817, March 4–6, 2002,
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This paper compares the corrosion, friction, and wear properties of thermally sprayed aluminum bronze coatings developed for use on plain bearing surfaces. It explains how the coatings were produced, characterized, and optimized for the intended application. Paper text in German.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC 2001, Thermal Spray 2001: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference, 1123-1129, May 28–30, 2001,
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Importance of coating adhesion in a corrosive environment was studied experimentally. Tensile adhesion strength of HVOF sprayed 316L stainless steel and Hastelloy C coatings were tested in as-sprayed condition as well as after immersion in seawater. It was found that the adhesion strength of the stainless steel coatings degraded rapidly whereas that of the Hastelloy coatings remained almost intact. Specimens with an artificial defect were also immersed in seawater. The cross sectional observation after the test revealed that the corrosion at the coating-substrate interface proceeded much faster with the stainless steel coating as compared to the Ni-base alloy coating. A model experiment to simulate the galvanic corrosion of a coating-substrate couple was carried out and no significant difference in the galvanic current density was found between the two coatings when coupled with the steel substrate. The tightness of the coating-substrate interface was then tested with a fluorescent dye penetration test. The dye could penetrate the boundary between the stainless steel coating and the substrate whereas the boundary between the Ni-base alloy coating and the substrate was so tight that no penetration occurred. The size of the micro-gaps at the coating-substrate boundary was discussed from the viewpoint of classical Washburn-Ridiel theory. It was concluded that such micro-gaps between the coating and substrate must be eliminated for these barrier-type coatings to be used in corrosive environments. Heat treatment was highly effective for suppressing the preferential corrosion at the coating-substrate boundary.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1997, Thermal Spray 1997: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 209-213, September 15–18, 1997,
Abstract
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The adhesion of plasma sprayed polyamide and PMMA coatings to steel depends markedly on the plasma arc power, the spraying distance and the substrate temperature. Each of these process parameters shows an optimum value with respect to adhesion. The underlying reason for this behaviour is the pronounced sensitivity of polymers to temperature. Heat transfer analysis and electron microscopy indicate that a critical amount of heat is required to be transferred from the flame to the feedstock particles in order to provide sufficient splat flow but avoid coating thermal degradation. Inadequate flow leads to interfacial voidage while degradation gives inferior bonding and porosity.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1997, Thermal Spray 1997: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 769-774, September 15–18, 1997,
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The attractive bioactive properties of HA are significantly reduced upon plasma spraying because of the phase transformation that accompanied the deposition process. One major factor that influence the extent to which the transformation occur appears to be the morphology and physical states of the HA raw powders. This paper reports the study on the influence of powder morphology and property on the fracture behaviour and tensile adhesive strength of plasma sprayed HA coatings. Three types of powders were used in the study; calcined HA (CHA), spray dried HA (SDHA) and flame spheroidised HA (SHA). The particle size range of 53 - 75 μm was employed for all 3 types of powders to effect an accurate comparison of the powders. Results show that the cohesive bond strength of the SHA coating was the highest because of the denser microstructure created by well-formed lamella splats. A correspondingly lower bond strength was recorded with less coherent coatings generated by agglomerated CHA and SDHA powders.