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Processes and Equipment
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Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 240-241, March 17–19, 1999,
Abstract
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For obtaining higher particle velocities and consequently dense coatings, a closed nozzle system for atmospheric arc spraying was developed. The proposed system is characterized by a nozzle geometry which allows an expansion of the atomizing gas only in downstream direction. First coatings, obtained with this system exhibited promising results due to dense structure and high adhesion. Paper text in German.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 242-246, March 17–19, 1999,
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Inside diameter (ID) spraying with a two-wire gun for thermal spraying has become an established practice. While the simplicity of the two-wire arc process is tempting, there is a marked difference between the coating microstructures obtained with standard two-wire arc and two-wire arc ID systems. In conventional two-wire arc spraying, the arc is partially surrounded by the nozzle, which leads to the fused tips being enveloped by the atomizing gas flow. In comparison, the right-angled arc is unprotected if the airflow hits the arc at 90 degree. In this paper, the particle formation process is investigated using diagnostic tools such as Laser Strobe Vision (Control Vision) and DPV2000. Although the data collected may not fully encompass the breadth of the phenomena associated with two-wire arc spraying, a comparison was made between the 0 degree and 90 degree spray processes. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 247-252, March 17–19, 1999,
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This paper is devoted to the investigation of the dynamics of the plasma jet, which is produced by a subsonic DC spray torch operated with an argon-helium mixture as the plasma gas. It focuses on studying the effect of some parameters which influence the arc attachment inside the anode nozzle. For this purpose, the paper uses different means of gas injection, that is straight flow injection and vortex flow injection, and anodes which have experienced different degree of wear. A heavily eroded anode is characterized by large voltage fluctuations at relatively low frequencies, while straight gas injection at high current levels led to a low average voltage with small fluctuations and to low burner performance. The results are interpreted by assuming changes in the thickness of the cold interface between the arc and the anode, and conclusions are drawn as to the voltage characteristics indicative of good torch operation. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 253-258, March 17–19, 1999,
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Plasma transferred arc (PTA) allows to weld a metallic coating to a metal substrate in order to improve their wear and corrosion resistance. This process is mainly used for steel reclamation and the principal applications are coatings of valves, valve seats in automotive industry and extruder screws for plastic industry. This paper describes the tape casting of NiCu and NiCoCrAlTaY particles on Ni-based alloys and the various organic additives used in addition to a homogeneous metallic film. The initial results of treating these films with PTA regeneration are described. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 259-264, March 17–19, 1999,
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Three iron-base alloys with different chemical compositions were developed and sprayed in these investigations. The effect of different process parameters (primarily a reactive APS and VPS process) on the attainable nitrogen concentrations and on the resulting coating structure is demonstrated. Furthermore, the metallurgical interaction between the selected alloys as a result of the spraying process is described and the properties (such as hardness, porosity and bond strength) are discussed. The objective of this development is to form nanostructured deposits of the vanadium-nitride type with a crystal structure similar to that of the austenitic lattice. The formation, appearance and type of deposits are described as functions of the process parameters. Paper text in German.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 265-270, March 17–19, 1999,
Abstract
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Reactive plasma spray is a processing method which combines synthesis and deposition of reaction products in situ. This paper evaluates the effects of the chamber gas pressure, the plasma gas composition and the spray distance on the production of titanium nitrides by means of reactive plasma spraying. It describes and discusses the results obtained from experimental tests for fabrication of titanium/titanium nitride coatings onto steel substrates, with particular reference to the effects of pressure inside the spraying chamber. Paper includes a German-language abstract.