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1-16 of 16
High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spraying
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Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 422-427, March 17–19, 1999,
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Arc spraying can be used to produce coatings to protect against wear and tear against erosion. This paper presents some results obtained within the core research program of the NRC Technology Group in Surface Engineering on the development of erosion-resistant coatings. A relationship is established between the volume loss of the material (performance) under different erosion conditions and the coating properties or the microstructure. The results show that the wear behavior of the arc-sprayed materials depends on the type, size and impact strength of the impacting eroding particles. It is observed that for soft materials, even if ductile tearing is an active mode of degradation, the brittle behavior of intersplat oxides also plays an important role. For harder materials, this brittle delamination of splats becomes the dominant erosive mechanism, as can be observed on the worn surfaces. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 428-433, March 17–19, 1999,
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The processing of metallic alloys with the atmospheric HVOF process requires a uniform setting of the particle parameters, particle temperature and velocity, as these determine the tendency towards oxidation and the flattening behavior of the particles. Using the example of a NiCr alloy, this paper examines the effects of different particle diameters of a typical HVOF grain fraction on the achievable uniformity of processing. In addition, particle parameters are correlated with the process variables fuel gas composition and spray distance as well as the resulting application efficiency in order to determine whether they can be influenced. The particle properties of surface temperature and speed are characterized with the aid of a high-speed particle pyrometer. It is shown how, with the help of this particle diagnosis, an on-line process control can be used as proof of quality assurance. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 434-438, March 17–19, 1999,
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Due to the extreme conditions experienced in gas turbine engines, especially aero-derivative type engines, internal components need to be protected against adverse effects in order to maintain component integrity and engine performance between overhauls. Among these adverse conditions are wear in the form of friction and fretting, erosion and various forms of corrosion. This paper focuses on fretting wear. To reduce coating costs, shorten the dwell time, and provide additional options for the repair of industrial gas turbine components, it presents a comprehensive study initiated by Rolls-Royce to determine the feasibility of the Sulzer Metco HVOF process as an alternative to the evaluate the D-Gun process. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that tungsten carbide and chromium carbide sprayed with the Diamond Jet Hybrid can be used successfully as coating alternatives to the D-Gun. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 439-445, March 17–19, 1999,
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WC-based coatings have found extensive application in industries requiring wear resistance. WC-12% Co coatings were applied with a variety of high speed combustion spray guns (including HVAF) with various spray parameters. This paper aims to investigate the influence of the particle velocity, the particle temperature and the spray atmosphere on the decarburisation reactions and phase changes that take place during spraying. XRD and SEM used BSE image processing to characterize and quantify these responses. A comparison between temperature and speed measurements as well as the XRD results showed that the decarburisation is influenced not only by the temperature but also by the residence time and the entrainment of oxygen. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 446-451, March 17–19, 1999,
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TiC-based coatings have proven to be very suitable candidates in various areas of thermal spraying when high corrosion and wear resistance is required. The most important advantages of these coatings are their high corrosion resistance compared to conventional coatings such as WC+Co and WC+Co+Cr, but also their low density. However, the main problem with HVOF spraying these materials is their high reactivity with the oxygen necessary for the flame. In this paper, Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis-TiC+Ni-Ti base powder are processed with two different spray guns (Diamond Jet Hybrid (DJH) and CDS 100). This allows to compare the properties of the resultant coatings (wear and corrosion mainly) as a consequence of the main advantages of each variable (gun and gas) particularly in relation to the oxidation processes. It is observed that DJH coatings showed the best corrosion resistance whilst CDS coatings showed a corrosion potential closer to the steel value. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 452-457, March 17–19, 1999,
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This paper presents the experimental validation of a curvilinear novel nozzle design. Their effect on the speed and temperature of the particles in flight, on the porosity and adhesive force of the coatings is measured and compared with conventional conical nozzle devices. The nozzle testing is performed using a Miller SG100 dc plasma torch. It is observed that the curvilinear nozzle produced denser and more uniform coatings with lower porosity and higher adhesive force. This could be achieved by increasing the flight temperature of the particles and ensuring more complete melting of the particles. The velocity profile of the particles on the substrate remained unchanged. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 458-461, March 17–19, 1999,
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The main aim of this paper is the evaluation of the electrochemical behavior of the WC-Co layers. In this paper, which lies within the scope of a general characterization of coatings WC-Co, a particular point is related to the electrochemical behavior in sea water of these deposits projected by APS and Jet-Kote in relation to their microstructure. The paper shows a different corrosion resistance of the APS and HVOF coatings. In addition, it is observed that the durability of the applications was strongly temperature-dependent. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 462-467, March 17–19, 1999,
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Based on successful developments in the field of high-speed flame spraying (HVOF) equipment, HVOF spray materials (powder), and HVOF process technology, this paper describes the increasing use of HVOF as a replacement for hard chrome plating. It presents the results of laboratory and operational evaluations of the HVOF-sprayed coatings as a replacement for hard chrome in the aviation industry. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 468-473, March 17–19, 1999,
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One candidate alternative to chrome plating and hard anodizing is a tungsten carbide (WC) coating applied by the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) process. HVOF WC coatings are currently being evaluated in many service life tests, including fatigue. The purpose of this paper is to compare the fatigue life of HVOF WC coated specimens with the fatigue life of hard anodized and bare aluminum specimens. This work examines WC thermal spray coatings as candidates for replacement of hard chrome plating and hard anodizing in aircraft and helicopter applications such as landing gear. In fatigue testing, the results showed an expected fatigue deficit for hard anodizing as compared to bare aluminum. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 474-478, March 17–19, 1999,
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This paper presents the electrochemical characterization of a chromium carbide-NiCr coating applied using high-speed flame spraying. It examines the behavior of the complete system, the steel, the steel coating, and the coating immersed in NaCl solution alone. The paper discusses electrochemical measurement methods such as the measurement of polarization resistance, anodic polarization, and open circuit potential. The tests are compared with each other and with results from metallographic examinations. The structure was characterized by light and scanning microscopy. In addition, an analysis of the residual water was carried out using an ICP technique. The paper also includes a study of the various mechanisms that could affect the behavior of such coating types in a corrosive environment. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 479-482, March 17–19, 1999,
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This paper investigates the effect of HVOF thermally sprayed WC-Co coatings on the cyclic deformation of the aluminum alloy 2024-T4 and the steel SAE 12L14. Strain gages are glued on the specimen surface to measure the strain response after certain intervals of fatigue cycles. The strain is also measured during the fatigue test. A calibrated beam is used to apply the bending moment and the stress calculated using the flexural formula. The stress-strain curves for uncycled and cycled specimens are determined. The dynamic strains for the coated and uncoated specimens are also monitored during the fatigue test. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 483-486, March 17–19, 1999,
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The demand for better paper qualities and for higher speed of the paper web requires a constant technological development of the existing calendering process. An important factor in modern calendering is the heated metal roll. Its surface has an important influence on the gloss and the smoothness of the paper. During operation these rolls are heated to temperatures of up to 200°C. Additionally, the rolls are exposed to severe abrasive wear by fine hard filler materials and to corrosion by the moisture of the paper. The SUMECAL coating systems - especially developed for calender rolls - surpass the hard chromium platings by far regarding the scratch and wear resistance and demonstrate better calendering properties. Paper text in German.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 487-492, March 17–19, 1999,
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This paper compares three thermally sprayed coatings with different carbide types in a NiCr matrix (25% by volume) with regard to their erosion, corrosion, and wear resistance. The three types of carbide are WC, chromium carbide, and TiC. The coatings were sprayed with the Sultzer-Metco Diamond-Jet 2600 equipment. All coatings were produced with the same spray parameters. If the sand particles hit the surface at high angles of impact, the WC coating is better than the other two coatings in terms of erosion/corrosion resistance. Micro-abrasive wear tests also showed the WC coating was superior (slightly better than the TiC coating). The corrosion properties of the coatings were almost the same. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 493-497, March 17–19, 1999,
Abstract
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In the present project, the widest possible variety of coats applied by means of high-speed flame spraying are investigated with regard to their applicability to components of hydroelectric power stations. The investigations concentrate on protective coats for the wear surfaces of turbine wheels and various guide vanes. The structural shapes and specific features of different turbine wheels, forms of wear phenomena and their causes as well as experience with different materials and coatings are described. The resulting planning and stipulation of suitable testing conditions for the targeted investigations with high-speed flame- sprayed coats are also described. Paper text in German.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 498-501, March 17–19, 1999,
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Thermally sprayed alumina coatings are widely used to improve wear resistance and heat insulation of steel and other metals. Usually these coatings have been made by plasma or flame spraying. HVOF-sprayed alumina coatings are more wear resistant and better bonded to the base material than with plasma and flame spraying. This paper presents a functionally gradient coating (FGC) of alumina and NiAl made with HVOF. It examines the microstructure, composition, hardness, adhesion, and resistance against thermal cycling of HVOF-sprayed FGC. The performance of FG-coating was proven with reference coatings made by plasma and flame spraying. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Proceedings Papers
ITSC1999, Thermal Spray 1999: Proceedings from the United Thermal Spray Conference, 502-506, March 17–19, 1999,
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The HVOF forming is a process that permits to obtain wear resistant self-standing forms. The self-supporting forms that are obtained through the reshaping process by means of thermal spraying have two free surfaces that do not necessarily have the same structure or the same properties. This paper investigates the mechanical properties of the obtained in relation to the structure. It compares the structure-property relationship of the internal and external surfaces. The results show the anisotropic behavior of the internal and external free surfaces and their difference to the cross section. The structure of the system is characterized in terms of its nature, phase distribution, composition, and porosity. For the mechanical properties, the paper examines the microhardness and the modulus of elasticity of the material. Paper includes a German-language abstract.