A method is described wherein a ceramic oxide nanocomposite coating has been produced via a co-precipitation route. The first step in the process consists of forming a solid solution by use of plasma melting, homogenization, and rapid quenching of two ceramics that are normally immiscible. In the best case, the resulting structure is a true solid solution in a new, metastable crystalline structure. The quenched particles can be deposited as a coating or sprayed into water or onto a chill block to form a powder. When the material is sintered via a pressureless process, such as that for a coating, the phase decomposition proceeds quickly, resulting in a homogeneously distributed two-phase structure of micron sized particles. However, when the powders are compacted and sintered at very high pressures (1-8 GPa) and low temperatures (T ~ 0.3 - 0.5 Tm), the increased nucleation of the precipitates results in a composite in which both phases have grain sizes less than 25nm. This paper will review the underlying phenomenon behind the method and the resulting kinetics.

High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Thermal Spray has been used by the Navy for repairing components for several years with great success. This paper will discuss some of the applications being done, the results of these applications and where the technology will be utilized on the future. The Office of Naval Research in conjunction with Naval Research Laboratory and Naval Surface Warfare Center is investigating replacements for chrome plating. One of the technologies being looked at is HVOF Thermal Spray. This paper will discuss this program, new materials being developed and new applications being done. The superior physical characteristic of HVOF has increased the utility of this technology from mechanical components to aircraft and submarine components. Acceptance of these coatings at various levels at NAVSEA will be discussed and criteria established for these acceptances will be reviewed. The role of these coatings in ship repairs as well as the implications for new construction will be discussed. Specific examples of repairs will be shown and updated reports will be provided as to their service. Locations that have services available will be detailed and future growth of this technology within the Navy will be reviewed. A quick overview of similar emerging technologies will be provided. A highlight of the presentation will be an update of the repair done with HVOF Tungsten Carbide on the Rudder Rams on the USS Saipan.