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High pressure gas quenching
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Proceedings Papers
HT 2019, Heat Treat 2019: Proceedings from the 30th Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition, 136-145, October 15–17, 2019,
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This paper investigates the factors that influence quenching rates and temperature distributions in steel during dilatometry testing. In a prior study, the authors assessed the performance of the cooling system in a widely used dilatometer. The goal of the current work is to develop a cooling strategy that provides more uniform and possibly faster cooling in the same system. Several alternate quench concepts are analyzed, the most promising of which uses water-cooled tubes to deliver high velocity gas through a series of jets axially aligned with the test sample. The proposed cooling apparatus and its effect on the induction heating process are assessed using CFD, electromagnetic, and thermal analyses.
Proceedings Papers
HT 2019, Heat Treat 2019: Proceedings from the 30th Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition, 228-236, October 15–17, 2019,
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This paper presents a computational approach for assessing the potential for distortion when using high pressure gas to quench steel parts. It explains how to account for component geometry, heat transfer coefficient, gas temperature and velocity, heating and cooling rates, and phase transformations. The authors employ finite element modeling methods to determine local phase fraction and displacement in a Ferrium C64 disk for different quench pressures. Simulations at timed intervals show how distortion and phase fraction progress in different areas of the disk and along the edges of an off-center bore. The causes of distortion are examined and explained using the model, with insights into why the cooling rate has a nonlinear relation with distortion.
Proceedings Papers
HT 2019, Heat Treat 2019: Proceedings from the 30th Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition, 245-252, October 15–17, 2019,
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This paper describes the inner workings of a gas quenching chamber and assesses its potential for high-volume production of precision gears. The cooling manifold in the chamber surrounds the part, which sits on a rotating table. This ensures uniform flow of cooling gas across the top, bottom, and sides of the part and achieves uniform and repeatable quenching results. In addition, because the cooling nozzles can be adjusted to fit the geometry and size of the part, distortion can be effectively controlled.
Proceedings Papers
HT 2019, Heat Treat 2019: Proceedings from the 30th Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition, 372-377, October 15–17, 2019,
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This paper reviews several recent advancements in high pressure gas quenching technology along with the impact of new higher hardenability steels. With design upgrades and improved gas flow and heat removal, a wider variety of materials, part geometries, and load sizes can now be gas quenched.
Proceedings Papers
HT2017, Heat Treat 2017: Proceedings from the 29th Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition, 180-184, October 24–26, 2017,
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This paper will present the advantages and disadvantages of quenching media options like HPGQ (high pressure gas quenching), Oil and Press Quenching, Austempering (salt) for steel, ADI (austempered ductile iron) and aluminum to achieve certain targets relating to automotive component heat treating. Each heat treating/quenching process provides unique solutions for automobile designers and plant engineers. However, there likely is no single process or material that provides all of the answers that one would desire. Therefore, what process or combination of processes will satisfy the overall need? Detail will be discussed that outlines how OEM’s and heat treaters can and do take advantage of a particular hardening process.
Proceedings Papers
HT2015, Heat Treat 2015: Proceedings from the 28th Heat Treating Society Conference, 41-47, October 20–22, 2015,
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Austempering heat treatments of steels and cast irons are usually performed using salt bath quenching followed by isothermal transformation of austenite to bainite or ausferrite. High Pressure Gas Quenching (HPGQ) at 1-4 MPa gas pressures is increasingly used to replace oil quenching, but may also be used for austempering. However, to obtain sufficient heat transfer high gas speeds >25 m/s are required. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) is widely used for densifying castings and powder-based materials. Recent equipment developments enable Uniform Rapid Quenching (URQ) under 200 MPa pressure and 0.3 m/s speed, providing uniform cooling. Superplastic conditions during austenitization and initially during URQ reduce residual stresses and eliminate internal porosity in castings and PM materials. Hardenability is increased due to stabilization of the close-packed austenite. The inherent freedom provided by HIP to select optimum levels and rates for temperatures and pressures has been shown to improve mechanical properties and reduce process duration.