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Direct metal laser sintering
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Proceedings Papers
HT 2021, Heat Treat 2021: Proceedings from the 31st Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition, 37-43, September 14–16, 2021,
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Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is an established technology in metal additive manufacturing. This complex manufacturing process yields unique as-built material properties that influence mechanical performance and vary with different machine parameters. Part porosity and residual stresses, which lead to part failures, and grain structure, as it relates to mechanical properties and anisotropy of DMLS parts, require investigation for different print settings. This work presents results for density, residual stress, and microstructural inspections on designed test artifacts for the benchmarking of 3D metal printers. Results from printing artifacts on two separate DMLS printer models with default parameters show highly dense parts for both printers, with relative densities above 99.5%. Characterization of residual stress through cantilevered deflection specimens indicates similar resulting thermal stresses developed in both build processes, with deflection averages of 32.48% and 28.09% for the respective machines. Additionally, properties of the test artifact printed after adjusting default machine parameters for equal energy density are characterized.
Proceedings Papers
HT2015, Heat Treat 2015: Proceedings from the 28th Heat Treating Society Conference, 358-364, October 20–22, 2015,
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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the effect of three types of post-heat treatments: 1) solution treatment and aging, 2) stress relieving, and 3) annealing on the corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated via direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). The microstructure and phase evolution as affected by heat treatment temperature were examined through scanning electron microscopy and via x-ray diffraction. The Vicker’s microhardness, as it was affected by various heat treatments, was compared. The corrosion behavior of the specimens was measured electrochemically in simulated body fluid at 37°C. It was found that the nonequilibrium α’ phase with a small amount of β nuclei was formed in the as-fabricated sample. Heat treatments allow the formation of the β phase and the agglomeration of β precipitates to occur at elevated temperatures. Transformed β phase with various morphologies was observed as a result of the heat treatments. Different degrees of improvement in the corrosion resistance were observed in the solution-treated and aged samples, 650 °C stress relieved, and annealed samples.