Analysis of Geometry Orientation in the Calculation of Transient Heat Fluxes during Immersion Quenching of a Hollow Cylinder Free

This study investigates quenching effects on horizontally oriented hollow cylinders, a common industrial configuration for large tubular geometries. Researchers analyzed thermal histories at various positions on the cylinder, accounting for the pre-immersion air transfer that creates non-uniform conditions. Using inverse heat transfer analysis, they calculated transient heat fluxes along both outer and inner surfaces, revealing uneven cooling patterns. The results demonstrate thermal gradients both during air transfer and after immersion, with findings compared to previous studies of horizontal plates and vertically quenched cylinders.