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By
Jude Mary Runge, Christoph Werner, S. Lampman
By
Stavros G. Fountoulakis
By
James H. Lindsay, Donald L. Snyder
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zinc-nickel plating
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Book Chapter
Electrodeposition Processes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... conditions of electrodeposition processes for chromium plating, nickel plating, iron plating, cadmium plating, zinc plating, indium plating, lead plating, tin plating, silver plating, gold plating, brass plating, bronze plating, tin-lead plating, zinc-iron plating, and zinc-nickel plating. The article also...
Abstract
Copper can be electrodeposited from numerous electrolytes. Cyanide and pyrophosphate alkalines, along with sulfate and fluoborate acid baths, are the primary electrolytes used in copper plating. This article provides information on the chemical composition, plating baths, and operating conditions of electrodeposition processes for chromium plating, nickel plating, iron plating, cadmium plating, zinc plating, indium plating, lead plating, tin plating, silver plating, gold plating, brass plating, bronze plating, tin-lead plating, zinc-iron plating, and zinc-nickel plating. The article also discusses selective plating, electroforming, and other processes and where they are typically used.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001257
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract This article provides information on the compositions of alkaline and acid baths and process parameters for zinc-iron, zinc-cobalt, zinc-nickel, and tin-zinc plating. acid baths alkaline baths corrosion protection process parameters tin-zinc plating zinc alloy plating zinc...
Abstract
This article provides information on the compositions of alkaline and acid baths and process parameters for zinc-iron, zinc-cobalt, zinc-nickel, and tin-zinc plating.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001322
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... ) Better ( Ref 17 , 18 , 28 ) Not applicable; stainless steel and nickel alloys have been used as fasteners ( Ref 17 , 18 ) Better, no coating process Initial cost significantly higher; life cycle cost may be comparable Zinc plating ( Ref 7 , 11 , 21 ) ASTM B 633 (a) Comparable/worse ( Ref 3...
Abstract
Environmental and worker health regulations have increased the costs associated with cadmium coating application and cadmium-beating waste disposal, thus creating economic incentives for industrial users to seek cadmium plating replacements. This article presents a cadmium replacement identification matrix that includes information on the specifications, corrosion control performance, environment-assisted cracking, coating lubricity, environmental and worker health regulations, and cost and performance factors for various replacement processes.
Book Chapter
Plating on Aluminum
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006491
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... pretreatment, with copper 2.54 to 5.08 μm (0.1 to 0.2 mil) thick, nickel 38.1 to 50.8 μm (1.5 to 2.0 mils) thick, and chromium 0.254 μm (0.010 mil) thick. After zinc immersion preparation, chromium is deposited from conventional chromium plating solutions with current densities of 135 mA/cm 2 (125 A/ft 2...
Abstract
Aluminum components are often plated with other metals to mitigate the effects of corrosion and wear, improve application performance, and extend service life. This article discusses some of the more common aluminum plating processes, including electroplating, immersion plating, and electroless plating, and describes various plating materials and the types of applications in which they are used. It provides critical processing details such as temperatures, ratios, ranges, times, and rates. The article explains how to prepare aluminum components for electroplating, discussing surface roughening, anodizing, and immersion procedures along with expected results.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003687
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... of Coatings The principal metals that are widely plated are cadmium, zinc and its alloys, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, tin, and silver. Other metals that are plated by in-house shops and some job platers are cobalt, indium, iron, lead, palladium, platinum, rhenium, and rhodium. Plateable alloys add...
Abstract
This article discusses the various factors that affect the corrosion performance of electroplated coatings. It describes the effects of environment and the deposition process on substrate coatings. The article provides a discussion on the electrochemical techniques capable of predicting the corrosion performance of a plated part. It reviews the designs of coating systems for optimal protection of the substrate. The article also discusses controlled weathering tests and accelerated tests used to predict and determine the relative durability of the coating.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001258
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
...-iron plating nickel-manganese plating NICKEL ALLOYS electroplated for engineering applications include nickel-iron, nickel-cobalt, nickel-manganese, and zinc-nickel. Zinc-nickel plating is covered elsewhere in this Volume; see the article “Zinc Alloy Plating.” Iron is a cheap metal...
Abstract
Nickel alloys electroplated for engineering applications include nickel-iron, nickel-cobalt, nickel-manganese, and zinc-nickel. This article provides the process description and discusses the processing variables, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of nickel-iron, nickel-cobalt, nickel-manganese alloys, and nickel chromium binary and ternary alloys. It also includes information on the environmental, health, and safety considerations for these nickel-base alloys.
Image
Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 6 Average torque-tension data from five replicate 1 2 -20-UNC grade 5 fasteners plated with cadmium, zinc-nickel, or zinc-nickel with lubricious topcoats. ○, dry film lubricant (MIL-L-56010); ●, dry film lubricant (MIL-C-85614); Δ, organic sulfamate emulsion; ▲, aqueous
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Book Chapter
Continuous Electrodeposited Coatings for Steel Strip
Available to PurchaseBook: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001271
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... in continuous steel strip plating lines is electrodeposited with one of five metallic coatings: zinc, tin, chromium, and alloys of zinc with either nickel or iron. Several other metallic coatings, such as copper, nickel, brass (Cu-Zn), and terne (Pb-Sn), are also applied by continuous steel strip plating...
Abstract
This article explains the applications of continuous electroplated steel. For each category of application, the type of coating needed and the key attributes of the coating are discussed. The bulk of the article describes electrodeposition technology, including plating line components and process classification.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001255
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... that precipitate as zinc ferrocyanide, resulting in the formation of a gray-colored sludge. Surface Preparation Brass can be plated on most metallic surfaces (e.g., zinc castings, steel, nickel, and aluminum) after only standard preplating procedures. Direct brass plating of zinc castings requires the use...
Abstract
Copper alloys are widely used as electroplated coatings. They can also be used with practically any substrate material that is suitable for electroplating. This article focuses on the solution composition and operating conditions for brass and bronze plating solutions. It describes the decorative and engineering applications of brass and bronze plating. The article also provides information on the treatment of waste water from brass and bronze plating operations.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001248
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... zinc plating ZINC is anodic to iron and steel and therefore offers more protection when applied in thin films of 7 to 15 μm (0.3 to 0.5 mil) than similar thicknesses of nickel and other cathodic coatings, except in marine environments where it is surpassed by cadmium (which is somewhat less anodic...
Abstract
Commercial zinc plating is accomplished by a number of distinctively different systems: cyanide baths, alkaline noncyanide baths, and acid chloride baths. This article focuses on the composition, advantages, disadvantages, operating parameters, and applications of each of the baths. It provides information on the control of thicknesses of zinc specified for service in various indoor and outdoor atmospheres and on the similarities between cadmium and zinc plating.
Image
Twenty vertical plating cells in a continuous plating line that applies zin...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1994
Fig. 10 Twenty vertical plating cells in a continuous plating line that applies zinc and zinc-nickel alloy coatings on sheet steel, primarily for the automotive market
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Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001245
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... on steel, brass, aluminum, zinc die castings, or plastic substrates in either barrel or rack equipment. The operation and the proprietary additives used in commercially available processes are similar to those in conventional bright nickel plating. In addition, the bath requires special additives...
Abstract
This article discusses the process considerations and deposit properties of nickel plating. It describes the Watts solution and the anode materials used. The article focuses on the nickel plating processes used for decorative, engineering, and electroforming purposes. It provides information on the quality control of nickel plating. It concludes with a review of the environmental, health, and safety considerations associated with nickel plating.
Book Chapter
Selective (Brush) Plating
Available to PurchaseBook: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001261
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
...) 0.007 Tin-nickel 0.010 Note: The energy factor is the ampere-hours required to produce a deposit thickness of 0.003 mm (0.0001 in.) on a square inch of area. Advantages and Limitations The key advantage of selective plating is portability. Many systems can be moved to various locations...
Abstract
Selective plating, also known as brush plating, differs from traditional tank or bath plating in that the workpiece is not immersed in a plating solution (electrolyte). Instead, the electrolyte is brought to the part and applied by a handheld anode or stylus, which incorporates an absorbent wrapping for applying the solution to the workpiece (cathode). This article focuses on the selective plating systems that include a power pack, plating tools, anode covers, specially formulated plating solutions, and any auxiliary equipment required for the particular application. It provides a detailed account of the applications of selective plating, with examples. The article describes the advantages, limitations, key process elements, and health and safety considerations of selective plating. It also includes the most important industrial, government, and military specifications.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001256
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... and fluoborate plating solutions for tin-lead. It briefly describes the solution compositions and operating conditions of tin-bismuth, tin-nickel, and tin-zinc. corrosion resistance electrodeposition etching resistance fluoborate plating solutions methane sulfonic acid plating solutions steel tin...
Abstract
Electrodeposition of tin alloys is used to protect steel against corrosion or wear, to impart resistance to etching, and to facilitate soldering. This article focuses on the compositions, operating conditions, advantages, and limitations of methane sulfonic acid plating solutions and fluoborate plating solutions for tin-lead. It briefly describes the solution compositions and operating conditions of tin-bismuth, tin-nickel, and tin-zinc.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001304
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... processing metal cladding nickel plating organic coatings painting phosphate coating porcelain enameling surface hardening surface modification thermal deburring thermal spraying vapor-deposited coatings zinc-rich coatings CARBON AND ALLOY STEELS, the most widely used metallic material...
Abstract
This article discusses the classifications, compositions, properties, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and applications of the most commonly used methods for surface engineering of carbon and alloy steels. These include cleaning methods, finishing methods, conversion coatings, hot-dip coating processes, electrogalvanizing, electroplating, metal cladding, organic coatings, zinc-rich coatings, porcelain enameling, thermal spraying, hardfacing, vapor-deposited coatings, surface modification, and surface hardening via heat treatment.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004126
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... performance of these coatings. Table 1 lists electroplated coatings. Typical direct current (dc) electroplated coatings used on steel surfaces include cadmium, zinc, chromium, nickel, copper, tin, lead, and aluminum. Anodizing and hardcoat are two processes used on aluminum surfaces that require dc...
Abstract
This article focuses on the various coatings used on Department of Defense (DoD) systems. These include electroplated coatings; conversion coatings; supplemental oils, waxes, and lubricants; organic paint coatings; and other finishes such as vacuum deposits, mechanical plating, thermal spray coatings, and hot-dip coatings. The article also lists the test requirements and time to failure of the coatings.
Book Chapter
Surface Engineering of Nonferrous Metals
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003221
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Processes Electroplating Electrodeposits of chromium, nickel, cadmium, copper, tin, zinc, gold, or silver are used for various decorative and functional applications. For example, automotive aluminum bumpers get a zincate treatment, copper strike, and a plating of copper, nickel, and chromium...
Abstract
This article discusses surface engineering of nonferrous metals including aluminum and aluminum alloys, copper and copper alloys, magnesium alloys, nickel and nickel alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, zirconium and hafnium, zinc alloys, and refractory metals and alloys. It describes various techniques to improve functional surface properties and enhance the appearance of product forms. The article discusses various cleaning and finishing techniques such as abrasive blast cleaning, polishing and buffing, barrel burnishing, chemical cleaning, pickling, etching and bright dipping, electrochemical cleaning, mechanical cleaning, and mass finishing. It also examines coating processes such as plating, anodizing, chemical conversion coating, and thermal spray, and concludes with a discussion on oxidation-resistant coatings for refractory metals.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001259
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract Chromium alloys yield alloy coatings with properties that range from completely satisfactory to marginally acceptable, depending on the end use. This article provides a detailed description of plating solutions and deposition conditions and rates of chromium-iron, chromium-nickel...
Abstract
Chromium alloys yield alloy coatings with properties that range from completely satisfactory to marginally acceptable, depending on the end use. This article provides a detailed description of plating solutions and deposition conditions and rates of chromium-iron, chromium-nickel, and chromium-iron-nickel alloys.
Book Chapter
Cleaning and Coating of Cast Irons
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... Abstract Coating of cast irons is done to improve appearance and resistance to degradation due to corrosion, erosion, and wear. This article describes inorganic coating methods commonly applied to cast irons. The coating methods include plating, hot dip coating, conversion coating, diffusion...
Abstract
Coating of cast irons is done to improve appearance and resistance to degradation due to corrosion, erosion, and wear. This article describes inorganic coating methods commonly applied to cast irons. The coating methods include plating, hot dip coating, conversion coating, diffusion coating, cladding, porcelain enameling, and thermal spray. Organic coatings have a wide variety of properties, but their primary use is for corrosion resistance combined with a pleasing colored appearance. The article discusses the various types of organic coatings applied to cast irons. Practically any degree of smoothness or roughness and requirement for color and gloss can be filled by organic coatings. The article describes abrasive blast cleaning, abrasive waterjet cleaning and finishing, vibratory finishing, barrel finishing, and shot peening for processing iron castings.
Book Chapter
Decorative Chromium Plating
Available to PurchaseBook: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001244
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... or copper and nickel, which give the chromium bright, semibright, or satin cosmetic appearances. Corrosion protection depends on the choice of undercoating, as well as the type of chromium being applied. Parts made from steel, copper and its alloys, zinc, stainless steel, and aluminum are typically plated...
Abstract
Most decorative chromium coatings have been applied using hexavalent and trivalent plating processes that are based on chromic anhydride. This article provides a discussion on chromium electrodeposits and their use as microdiscontinuous coating for corrosion protection. It focuses on the operating conditions of various chromium plating parameters: bath composition, temperature, voltage, anode materials, and current density. These parameters need to be considered for obtaining high quality decorative chromium coatings. An overview of plating problems encountered in chromium plating and their corrections is also provided.
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