Search Results for zinc wrought products

This article describes the zinc and zinc alloys for decorative and functional applications. It focuses on the types of zinc coatings, namely, hot dip galvanizing, electrogalvanizing, metallizing, and mechanical galvanizing. The article covers the uses of zinc alloy castings, including pressure die castings, and gravity castings. It details the wrought products of zinc and zinc alloys, including flat-rolled products, wire-drawn products, extruded products, and forged products. The article also describes various properties of zinc alloys, including mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, and magnetic properties. The listing for each alloy includes chemical compositions, relevant specifications, mass characteristics, and fabrication characteristics.

This article provides information on the properties, compositions, designations, and applications of zinc and zinc alloys. It discusses the principal areas of application of zinc: in coatings and anodes for corrosion protection of irons and steels; in zinc casting alloys; as an alloying element in copper, aluminum, magnesium, and other alloys; in wrought zinc alloys; and in zinc chemicals. The zinc coating applications of hot dip galvanizing, electrogalvanizing, plating, and thermal spray are presented. The use of zinc alloys in both gravity and pressure die castings is discussed as well as the three main types of wrought products: flat-rolled products, wire-drawn products, and extruded and forged products. The article also provides a section on the corrosion resistance of zinc and zinc coatings in various atmospheres.

Zinc is one of the most used metals, ranking fourth in worldwide production and consumption behind iron, aluminum, and copper. This article commences with an overview of the applications of zinc that can be divided into six categories: coatings, casting alloys, alloying element in brass and other alloys, wrought zinc alloys, zinc oxide, and zinc chemicals. It discusses the corrosion and electrochemical behavior of zinc and its alloys in various environments, particularly in atmospheres in which they are most widely used. The article tabulates the corrosion rates of zinc and zinc coatings immersed in various types of waters, in different solutions in the neutral pH range, and in soils at different geographic locations in the United States. It concludes with information on the forms of corrosion encountered in zinc coatings, including galvanic corrosion, pitting corrosion, and intergranular corrosion.

This article contains tables that present engineering data for the following metals and their alloys: aluminum, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, nickel, tin, titanium, zinc, precious metals, permanent magnet materials, pure metals, rare earth metals, and actinide metals. Data presented include density, linear thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, resistivity, and approximate melting temperature. The tables also present approximate equivalent hardness numbers for austenitic steels, nonaustenitic steels, austenitic stainless steel sheet, wrought aluminum products, wrought copper, and cartridge brass. The article lists conversion factors classified according to the quantity/property of interest.

There are a wide variety of furnace types and designs for melting aluminum. This article discusses the various types of furnaces, including gas reverberatory furnaces, crucible furnaces, and induction melting furnaces. It describes the classification of solid fluxes: cover fluxes, drossing fluxes, cleaning fluxes, and furnace wall cleaner fluxes. The article reviews the basic considerations in proper flux selection and fluxing practices. It explains the basic principles of degassing and discusses the degassing of wrought aluminum alloys. The article describes filtration in wrought aluminum production and in shape casting. It also reviews grain refinement in aluminum-silicon casting alloys, aluminum-silicon-copper casting alloys, aluminum-copper casting alloys, aluminum-zinc-magnesium casting alloys, and aluminum-magnesium casting alloys. The article concludes with a discussion on aluminum-silicon modification.

This article focuses on the monolithic form of nonferrous alloys, including aluminum, copper, nickel, cobalt, titanium, zinc, magnesium, and beryllium alloys. Each metal and alloy offers unique combinations of useful physical, chemical, and structural properties that are made available by its particular composition and the proper choice of processing method. The article describes the composition, designation system, properties, and processing method of these metals and alloys. It discusses the effect of alloying elements in these alloys. The article explains microstructure/property relationships that are used to make specific properties available to the designers of structural applications. It provides examples of phase diagrams that illustrate eutectic and peritectic reactions.

This article describes the different types of precipitation and transformation processes and their effects that can occur during heat treatment of various nonferrous alloys. The nonferrous alloys are aluminum alloys, copper alloys, magnesium alloys, nickel alloys, titanium alloys, cobalt alloys, zinc alloys, and heat treatable silver alloys, gold alloys, lead alloys, and tin alloys. It also provides a detailed discussion on the effects due to precipitation and transformation processes in these non-ferrous alloys.

This article describes the systems for designating the aluminum and aluminum alloys that incorporate the product forms (wrought, casting or foundry ingots) and its respective temper for strain-hardened alloys, heat-treatable alloys and annealed alloys. All these systems are covered by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard H35.1. Furthermore, the article provides a short note on the designation of unregistered tempers.

Brasses are copper alloys with zinc as the principal alloying element. This article provides information on the chemical compositions and mechanical properties of the three types of brasses: alpha, duplex and beta. It briefly discusses the Unified Numbering System designations, compositions, and classifications of wrought brasses and cast brasses. The article provides a discussion on annealing, recrystallization, and grain growth of wrought brasses. Stress relief of wrought brasses, which is typically conducted below the annealing temperatures, is also briefly described.

This article provides a general technical description of thermal spray coatings used for corrosion protection in atmospheric and aqueous environments. It further discusses two basic coating approaches of corrosion protection, namely, the sacrificial coating of thermal spray aluminum (TSA) and thermal spray zinc (TSZ), and the barrier-type coating of corrosion-resistant materials. The emphasis is on sacrificial coatings. The article describes the steps involved in the application of TSA and TSZ: surface preparation, coating deposition, and postspray treatment. It discusses their field exposure tests and application history. The article also contains helpful information on the dense barrier coatings by high-velocity spraying processes along with their corrosion performance.

A sliding bearing (plain bearing) is a machine element designed to transmit loads or reaction forces to a shaft that rotates relative to the bearing. This article explains the role of wear damage mechanisms in the design and selection of bearing materials, and its relationship with bearing material properties. Sliding bearings are commonly classified by terms that describe their application; they also are classified according to material construction, as single-metal, bimetal, or trimetal sliding bearings. The article further provides detailed tabular data on the designation and composition of the following types of bearing materials: tin-base alloys, lead-base alloys, copper-base alloys, and aluminum-base alloys. It also briefly discusses the following types of bearing materials: zinc-base alloys, silver-base alloys, gray cast irons, cemented carbides, and nonmetallic bearing materials.

Zinc and zinc alloys require surface engineering prior to coating or use to improve adhesion and corrosion resistance. Die-cast zinc parts, in addition, must be trimmed and finished to remove flash and parting lines. This article covers zinc cleaning procedures as well as coating and finishing processes. It explains how to remove parting lines and presents several mechanical finishing methods, including surface polishing, brushing, controlled shot peening, and buffing. It also provides information on solvent cleaning, emulsion cleaning, aqueous detergent or alkaline cleaning), electrocleaning, acid dipping, and zinc conversion coating treatments.

This article describes the various environmental factors that cause corrosion on metal artifacts, which include water, temperature fluctuations, pollutants, local conditions of acidity or alkalinity, vegetation, and animals. The corrosion processes experienced by five common metals, such as copper alloys, iron alloys, lead, zinc, and aluminum, used in outdoor artifacts are discussed. Finally, the article reviews conservation and preservation strategies for these five as well as gilded metals.

Nonferrous metals and alloys are widely used to resist corrosion. This article describes the corrosion behavior of the most widely used nonferrous metals, such as aluminum, copper, nickel, and titanium. It also provides information on several specialty nonferrous products that cannot easily be categorized by elemental base.

A sliding bearing (plain bearing) is a machine element designed to transmit loads or reaction forces to a shaft that rotates relative to the bearing. This article discusses the properties of bearing materials. It provides information on bearing material systems: single-metal systems, bimetal systems, and trimetal systems. The article describes the designations, nominal compositions, mechanical properties, and applications of various sliding bearing alloys: tin-base alloys, lead-base alloys, copper-base alloys, aluminum-base alloys, silver-base alloys, zinc-base alloys, additional metallic materials, nonmetallic materials. It describes casting processes, powder metallurgy processes, and electroplating processes. The article also discusses the selection criteria for bearing materials.

This article provides a thorough review of the physical metallurgy of aluminum alloys and its role in determining the properties and from a design and manufacturing perspective. And its role in include the effects of composition, mechanical working, and/or heat treatment on structure and properties. This article focuses on the effects of alloying and the metallurgical factors on phase constituents, structure, and properties of aluminum alloys. Effects from different combinations of alloying elements are described in terms of relevant alloy phase diagrams. The article addresses the underlying alloying and structural aspects that affect the properties and possible processing routes of aluminum alloys. It provides information on the heat treatment effects on the physical properties of aluminum alloys and the microstructural effects on the fatigue and fracture of aluminum alloys. The important alloying elements and impurities are listed alphabetically as a concise review of major effects.

This article provides information on the Unified Numbering System designations and temper designations of copper and copper alloys. It discusses the basic types of heat treating processes of copper and copper alloys, namely, homogenizing, annealing, and stress relieving, and hardening treatments such as precipitation hardening, spinodal hardening, order hardening, and quench hardening and tempering. The article presents tables that list the compositions and mechanical properties of copper alloys. It also discusses two strengthening mechanisms of copper alloys, solid-solution strengthening and work hardening. Finally, the article provides information on the equipment used for the heat treating of copper and copper alloys, including batch-type atmosphere furnaces, continuous atmosphere furnaces, and salt baths.

Aluminum mill products are those that have been subjected to plastic deformation by hot- and cold-working mill processes such as rolling, extruding, and drawing, either singly or in combination. Microstructural changes associated with the working and with any accompanying thermal treatments are used to control certain properties and characteristics of the worked, or wrought, product or alloy. This article discusses the designation system, classification, product forms, corrosion and fabrication characteristics, and applications of wrought aluminum alloys. Commercial wrought aluminum products are divided into flat-rolled products (sheet, plate, and foil); rod, bar, and wire; tubular products; shapes; and forgings. The article discusses factors affecting the strengthening mechanisms, fracture toughness, and physical properties of aluminum alloys, in addition to the effects of alloying on the physical and mechanical properties. Important alloying elements and impurities are listed alphabetically as a concise review of major effects.

Aluminum components are often plated with other metals to mitigate the effects of corrosion and wear, improve application performance, and extend service life. This article discusses some of the more common aluminum plating processes, including electroplating, immersion plating, and electroless plating, and describes various plating materials and the types of applications in which they are used. It provides critical processing details such as temperatures, ratios, ranges, times, and rates. The article explains how to prepare aluminum components for electroplating, discussing surface roughening, anodizing, and immersion procedures along with expected results.

Copper and copper alloys are widely used because of their excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, outstanding resistance to corrosion, and ease of fabrication, together with good strength and fatigue resistance. This article provides an overview of property and fabrication characteristics, markets, and applications of copper and its alloys. It contains several tables that provide helpful information on the chemical composition, classification, designation, uses, and mechanical properties of wrought copper and copper alloys.