Fig. 2 Additive manufacturing revenue forecast and year-on-year market growth in the oil and gas industry. Source: Ref 8 More

Fig. 257 Surface of a fatigue fracture that occurred, after approximately 1 year of service, in an AISI 1055 steel wheel of a 545-Mg (600-ton) stripper crane. Visible in the center of the fracture is a fatigue zone showing beach marks that are concentric around the fatigue-crack origin, which More

Fig. 306 Surface of a fatigue fracture, which occurred after about 1 year of service, in an AISI 1095 steel spring of a 225-Mg (250-ton) shear. A fatigue zone is evident at the inner (right) edge of the fracture surface (at arrow). This is a normal location for a fatigue-crack origin More

Fig. 4 Corrosion failure of 100-year-old riveted steel water transmission main. Courtesy of S. Paul, CorrTech, Inc. More

Fig. 1 Suggested roadmap for the development of a model-based tool in the year 2020 as a way of ensuring process-based quality by the year 2040 More

Fig. 15 U.S. primary and secondary tin consumption by sector for the year 1986. Consumption of secondary tin for tinplate withheld to avoid disclosing proprietary data; included in “Other (S).” P, primary; S, secondary. Source: Ref 18 More

Fig. 2 Five-year Gulf Coast corrosion performance of coated AZ91D die cast magnesium (left) versus cold-rolled carbon steel (right). Both panels were cleaned, iron phosphatized, coated with 18 μm (0.7 mil) of baked cathodic epoxy primer and 12 to 20 μm (0.5 to 0.8 mil) of acrylic lacquer More

Fig. 2 Number of publications per year, without filtering for number of citations More

Fig. 1 Number of documents listed in Scopus each year where the expression “small punch testing” is included in the title, abstract, or keywords in the engineering, materials science, and energy subject areas More

Fig. 1 Incidents reported per airplane per year for 737, 757, 767 control surfaces (aileron, elevator, and rudder). Source: Ref 3 More

Fig. 6 World copper mine production. Despite the 10,000-year history of copper, about three-quarters of all copper ever consumed has been used in the period since World War II. 1989 production: 9178 Mg × 10 3 . Source: Metallgesellschaft and the World Bureau of Metal Statistics More

Fig. 4 Water atomization system. (a) Large-scale (1000 to 100,000 tons/year) water atomizing system. (b) Key variables in the various stages of the water atomization process More

Fig. 2 Number of U.S. patents issued for silicone-epoxy hybrid coatings per year More

Fig. 20 Corrosion of steels versus depth after 1 year of exposure compared to the shape of the dissolved oxygen profile (dashed line). Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 21 Corrosion of nickels and nickel-copper alloys versus depth after 1 year of exposure compared to the shape of the dissolved oxygen profile (dashed line). Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 22 Corrosion of copper alloys versus depth after 1 year of exposure compared to the shape of the dissolved oxygen profile (dashed line). Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 24 Corrosion rates of aluminum alloys versus depth after 1 year of exposure compared to the shape of the dissolved oxygen profile (dashed line). Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 15 Corrosion of iron calibration specimens tested for (a) 1 year and (b) 2 years at the 25 m (80 ft) lot at Kure Beach, NC. Source: Ref 14 More

Fig. 16 Variation in corrosion rate after 1 year exposure of steel at four different tropical sites. Source: Ref 18 More

Fig. 20 Corrosion data for 25 low-alloy steels tested over a 15.5 year period at the Kure Beach, NC, 250 m (800 ft) lot. Source: Ref 8 More