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wrought martensitic stainless steels
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001408
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
...-and electron-beam welding, resistance welding, flash welding, and friction welding, are discussed. electron-beam welding flash welding friction welding laser-beam welding martensitic stainless steel material selection microstructure resistance welding weldability wrought martensitic stainless...
Abstract
This article describes general welding characteristics such as weld microstructure and weldability. The correlations of preheating and postweld heat treatment practices with carbon contents and welding characteristics of martensitic stainless steels are reviewed. The article contains a table that lists the electrodes and welding rods suitable for use as filler metals in the welding of martensitic stainless steels. It provides specific arc welding procedural recommendations for the commonly welded martensitic stainless steels. Martensitic stainless steel joining methods such as laser-and electron-beam welding, resistance welding, flash welding, and friction welding, are discussed.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005985
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... would persist in the final microstructure. If this occurs, a subzero treatment at below –75 °C (–100 °F) should be undertaken immediately after quenching. Tables 1 and 2 list the most significant of the wrought martensitic stainless steel alloys. (See the section “Casting Alloys...
Abstract
Martensitic stainless steels are the least corrosion-resistant of all stainless alloys. The traditional martensitic stainless steels are iron/chromium/carbon alloys, sometimes with a small amount of nickel and/or molybdenum. This article provides an overview on the influences of the various possible alloying elements on the key properties of martensitic stainless steels. It describes the various preparation processes, namely, atmosphere selection, cleaning, and preheating, prior to heat treatment for these steels. Common heat treatment methods include annealing, hardening, tempering, and stress relieving. The article lists the compositions of casting alloys and also describes the effect of tempering temperature on the hardness, strength, ductility, and toughness properties of the alloys.
Image
Published: 01 October 2014
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in Heat Treating of Air-Hardening High-Strength Structural Steels
> Heat Treating of Irons and Steels
Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 10 Effect of variation in tempering temperature on hardness and impact strengths of wrought martensitic stainless steels
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 10 Effect of variation in tempering temperature on hardness and impact strengths of wrought martensitic stainless steels
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 7 Effect of austenitizing temperature on as quenched hardness. Specimens were wrought martensitic stainless steels containing 0.15% max C
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in Heat Treating of Air-Hardening High-Strength Structural Steels
> Heat Treating of Irons and Steels
Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 8 Effect of variations in austenitizing temperature on hardness and impact strength of wrought martensitic stainless steels. Specimens were tempered at 480 °C (900 °F) for 4 h.
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Image
in Heat Treating of Air-Hardening High-Strength Structural Steels
> Heat Treating of Irons and Steels
Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 9 Effect of variations in austenitizing time on hardness and impact strengths of wrought martensitic stainless steels. Specimens were tempered at 480 °C (900 °F) for 4 h.
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Image
Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 8 Effect of variations in austenitizing temperature on hardness and impact strength of wrought martensitic stainless steels. Specimens were tempered at 480 °C (900 °F) for 4 h.
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Image
Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 9 Effect of variations in austenitizing time on hardness and impact strengths of wrought martensitic stainless steels. Specimens were tempered at 480 °C (900 °F) for 4 h.
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Image
Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 25 Effect of tempering temperature on the stress-corrosion characteristics of two wrought martensitic stainless steels at high stress. Data apply to a stress level of 350 MPa (80 ksi) for tests in a salt fog cabinet
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Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003203
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... stainless steels Table 4 Annealing temperatures and procedures for wrought martensitic stainless steels Type Process (subcritical) annealing Full annealing Isothermal annealing (c) Temperature (a) Hardness Temperature (b) (c) Hardness °C °F °C °F Procedure (d) , °C (°F...
Abstract
Heat treating of stainless steel produces changes in physical condition, mechanical properties, and residual stress level and restores maximum corrosion resistance when that property has been adversely affected by previous fabrication or heating. This article focuses on annealing of different types of stainless steels such as austenitic, ferritic, duplex, martensitic, and precipitation-hardening, and on the heat treatment of superalloys and refractory metals. It discusses the recommended procedures for solution annealing, austenite conditioning, transformation cooling, and age tempering of precipitation-hardening stainless steels. The article also lists general recommendations for the annealing temperatures of tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, and their alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001407
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... duplex stainless steel ferritic stainless steel martensitic stainless steel microstructure Schaeffler diagram stainless steel susceptibility tolerance weld metal weldability STAINLESS STEELS are an important class of engineering alloys used in both wrought and cast form for a wide range...
Abstract
Stainless steels are an important class of engineering alloys used in both wrought and cast form for a wide range of applications and in many environments. This article aids in the selection of stainless steels based on weldability and service integrity. Stainless steels are classified by microstructure and are described as ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, or duplex. The article illustrates compositional ranges of the ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and duplex alloys in the Schaeffler diagram. It describes the metallurgical aspects of welded stainless steels to be considered for particular engineering applications and service conditions. The article discusses the microstructural evolution of the weld metal and the heat-affected zone, susceptibility to defect formation during welding, mechanical and corrosion properties, and weld process tolerance.
Book: Powder Metallurgy
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006067
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... stainless steels, with the exception of the martensitic grades, are specified to be L grades. While most wrought alloy products are required to undergo large-scale cold deformation (drawing, rolling, bending, etc.), PM materials undergo little or no cold deformation. Wrought products benefit from...
Abstract
Stainless steels are primarily alloys of iron and chromium. They are grouped into five families, primarily based on their microstructure: ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation hardening. Three out of the five families of stainless steels, namely, austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic, are well suited for manufacture via conventional powder metallurgy (PM) processes. This article presents the iron-chromium partial phase diagram to illustrate the changes in the temperature range when pure iron is alloyed with chromium. It describes AISI and UNS numbering systems, which are used as an identification system for stainless steels. The article tabulates the material designations of stainless steels in accordance with the Metal Powder Industries Federation. It also details the characteristics and chemical composition of wrought and PM stainless steels.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001048
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
.... It gives some typical compositions of wrought heat-resistant stainless steels, which are grouped into ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and precipitation-hardening (PH) grades. Quenched and tempered martensitic stainless steels are essentially martensitic and harden when air cooled from the austenitizing...
Abstract
Stainless steels are widely used at elevated temperatures when carbon and low-alloy steels do not provide adequate corrosion resistance and/or sufficient strength at these temperatures. This article deals with the wrought stainless steels used for high temperature applications. It gives some typical compositions of wrought heat-resistant stainless steels, which are grouped into ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and precipitation-hardening (PH) grades. Quenched and tempered martensitic stainless steels are essentially martensitic and harden when air cooled from the austenitizing temperature. These alloys offer good combinations of mechanical properties. The article focuses on mechanical property considerations and corrosion resistance considerations of stainless steels. The corrosion and oxidation resistance of wrought stainless steels is similar to that of cast stainless steels with comparable compositions.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003331
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Stainless steels, wrought martensitics hardened and tempered 580 180 Rhenium 555 331 Molybdenum and its alloys 555 179 Nickel and its alloys 534 75 Stainless steels, cast 470 130 Tungsten 443 330 Low-alloy steels, wrought; carburized, quenched and tempered 429 212 Copper...
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive collection of tables that list the values for hardness of plastics, rubber, elastomers, and metals. The tables also list the tensile yield strength and tensile modulus of metals and plastics at room temperature. A comparison of various engineering materials, on the basis of tensile strength, is also provided.
Book: Powder Metallurgy
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006120
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... to the presence of chromium carbide dispersoids in a martensitic matrix. Mechanical properties of conventionally processed PM stainless steels are somewhat inferior to those of their wrought counterparts, primarily because of the presence of porosity. Notable secondary contributors to their low strength...
Abstract
This article describes the factors influencing the room-temperature and elevated-temperature mechanical properties of powder metallurgy (PM) stainless steels. It contains tables that list the mechanical property specifications of the Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF) Standard 35.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001046
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... Abstract This article discusses the composition, characteristics, and properties of the five groups of wrought stainless steels: martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex stainless steels, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels...
Abstract
This article discusses the composition, characteristics, and properties of the five groups of wrought stainless steels: martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex stainless steels, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels. The selection of stainless steels may be based on corrosion resistance, fabrication characteristics, availability, mechanical properties in specific temperature ranges and product cost. The fabrication characteristics of stainless steels include formability, forgeability, machinability, and weldability. The product forms of wrought stainless steels are plate, sheet, strip, foil, bar, wire, semifinished products, pipes, tubes, and tubing. The article describes tensile properties, elevated-temperature properties, subzero-temperature properties, physical properties, corrosion properties, and fatigue strength of stainless steels. It characterizes the experience of a few industrial sectors according to the corrosion problems most frequently encountered and suggests appropriate grade selections. Corrosion testing, surface finishing, mill finishes, and interim surface protection of stainless steels are also discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001413
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... with similar wrought alloys. Martensitic Stainless Steel Castings Special considerations exist for the welding of martensitic stainless steel castings (CA-6NM, CA-15, CA40, and CB-7Cu-1, and CB-7Cu-2). Quench cracking and a marked reduction in mechanical properties (especially ductility and impact...
Abstract
This article discusses two categories of stainless steel casting alloys and their nomenclature. It provides information on two situations in which welding of stainless steel castings is required. These situations are based on casting defects and selection of welding processes. The article presents compositions and typical microstructures of corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting alloys in tabular form. It presents special considerations for the welding of martensitic stainless steel castings. The article reviews the two most serious problems encountered in the welding of stainless steel castings, namely, solidification hot cracking and heat-affected zone hot cracking. It concludes with a discussion on the some useful considerations for welding corrosion-resistant alloys to avoid defects.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005953
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
.... 8 Effect of variations in austenitizing temperature on hardness and impact strength of wrought martensitic stainless steels. Specimens were tempered at 480 °C (900 °F) for 4 h. Fig. 9 Effect of variations in austenitizing time on hardness and impact strengths of wrought martensitic...
Abstract
Air hardening steel is a type of steel that has deep hardenability and can be hardened in large sections by air cooling. This article discusses the principles of heat treatment of air-hardening steel, and describes the recommended heat treating practices for air-hardening high-strength structural steels, namely, H11 Mod, H13 steel, 300M steel, D-6A and D-6AC, and AF1410 steel. It also provides information on recommended heat treating practices for air-hardening martensitic stainless steels.
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