Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
Search Results for
wrought iron-base superalloys
Update search
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
NARROW
Format
Topics
Book Series
Date
Availability
1-20 of 225 Search Results for
wrought iron-base superalloys
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
Sort by
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001049
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
...Abstract Abstract This article focuses on the properties of conventional wrought superalloys based on nickel, iron, and cobalt, as well as on the properties of alloys produced from powder. The powder metallurgy (P/M) category includes alloys that were originally developed as casting alloys; new...
Abstract
This article focuses on the properties of conventional wrought superalloys based on nickel, iron, and cobalt, as well as on the properties of alloys produced from powder. The powder metallurgy (P/M) category includes alloys that were originally developed as casting alloys; new alloy compositions developed specifically to benefit from powder processing; and oxide dispersion strengthened alloys (particularly those produced by mechanical alloying). The article discusses some of the applications of superalloys and emphazises the interplay between chemical composition, microstructure, consolidation method, mechanical properties and surface stability of wrought nickel alloys. Vacuum melting processes are a necessity for many nickel- and iron-nickel-base alloys because of the presence of aluminum and titanium as solutes. Cobalt-base alloys do not usually contain these elements and may be melted in air. An appendix to this article presents the property data and corresponding information on a family of cobalt-chromium-tungsten-carbon alloys that use P/M processing.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003120
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... on the mechanical properties and chemical composition of nickel, iron, and cobalt-base superalloys in both the cast and wrought forms. chemical composition cobalt-base superalloys environmental factors high-temperature applications iron-base superalloys mechanical properties metal processing...
Abstract
Superalloys are nickel, iron-nickel, and cobalt-base alloys generally used for high-temperature applications. Superalloys are used in aircraft, industrial, marine gas turbines, nuclear reactors, spacecraft structures, petrochemical production, orthopedic and dental prostheses, and environmental protection applications. This article discusses the material characteristics, phases, structures, and systems of superalloys. It describes the processing of superalloys, including primary and secondary melting, deformation processing (conversion), powder processing, investment casting, and joining methods. The article also describes the properties, microstructure, and thermal exposure of superalloys. It further discusses the effects of environmental factors on superalloys, including oxidation and hot corrosion. Protective coatings are also discussed. The article provides information on the mechanical properties and chemical composition of nickel, iron, and cobalt-base superalloys in both the cast and wrought forms.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003993
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... superalloys, namely, iron-nickel superalloys, nickel-base alloys, cobalt-base alloys, and powder alloys. The article discusses the microstructural mechanisms during hot deformation and presents processing maps for various superalloys. It concludes with a discussion on heat treatment of wrought heat-resistant...
Abstract
This article provides a discussion on forging methods, melting procedures, forging equipment, forging practices, grain refinement, and critical factors considered in forging process. It describes the different types of solid-solution-strengthened and precipitation-strengthened superalloys, namely, iron-nickel superalloys, nickel-base alloys, cobalt-base alloys, and powder alloys. The article discusses the microstructural mechanisms during hot deformation and presents processing maps for various superalloys. It concludes with a discussion on heat treatment of wrought heat-resistant alloy forgings.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003331
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... (nodular) irons, cast 1034 150 276 40 Copper casting alloys (a) 965 140 62 9 Stainless steels, standard austenitic grades; wrought, cold worked 965 140 517 75 Niobium and its alloys 931 135 241 35 Iron-base superalloys; cast, wrought 924 134 276 40 Cobalt-base...
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive collection of tables that list the values for hardness of plastics, rubber, elastomers, and metals. The tables also list the tensile yield strength and tensile modulus of metals and plastics at room temperature. A comparison of various engineering materials, on the basis of tensile strength, is also provided.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006266
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... of structure of wrought iron-nickel- and nickel-base superalloys during processing. The extent to which they contribute directly to strengthening depends on the alloy and its processing (see also the article “Heat Treatment of Wrought Nickel Alloys” in this Volume). The use of superalloy castings has...
Abstract
Cast nickel-base alloys are used extensively in corrosive-media and high-temperature applications. This article briefly reviews the common types of heat treatments of nickel alloy castings: homogenization, stress relieving, in-process annealing, full annealing, solution annealing, quenching, coating diffusion, and precipitation. It describes the three general strengthening mechanisms, namely, solid-solution hardening, age hardening, and carbide precipitation. The article summarizes the typical heat treatment of the general families of nickel-base castings used in industrial applications. It focuses on the solution treatment and age hardening of cast nickel-base superalloys and the heat treatment of cast solid-solution alloys for corrosion-resisting applications. The article also discusses the typical types of atmospheres used in annealing or solution treating: exothermic, endothermic, dry hydrogen, dry argon, and vacuum.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003148
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... the tendency for grain boundary carbide precipitation, thus reducing chromium depletion at the grain boundaries. Cobalt is also an important alloying element in some iron-base superalloys. For example, Haynes 556 (UNS R30556) is an Fe-Ni-Cr-Co used extensively in sulfur-bearing environments. The resistance...
Abstract
Cobalt finds its use in various applications owing to its magnetic properties, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and its strength at elevated temperatures. This article discusses the mining and processing of cobalt and cobalt alloys. It describes the types of cobalt alloys, including wear-resistant alloys, high-temperature alloys, corrosion-resistant alloys, and special-purpose alloys. The article provides data on the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and physical properties of these alloys. Further, it provides information on the uses of cobalt in superalloys, cemented carbides, magnetic materials, low-expansion alloys, and high-speed tool steels.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003737
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... for wrought heat-resistant alloys Composition Comments 1. 2 parts glycerol, 3 parts HCl, 1 part HNO 3 Glyceregia; mix fresh, do not store; discard when solution is orange; use by immersion or swabbing 5–60 s; very popular general etch for structure of iron- and nickel-base superalloys; γ...
Abstract
This article discusses the specimen preparation of three types of cast and wrought heat-resistant alloys: iron-base, nickel-base, and cobalt-base. Specimen preparation involves sectioning, mounting, grinding, polishing, and etching. The article illustrates the microstructural constituents of cast and wrought heat-resistant alloys. It describes the identification of ferrite by magnetic etching. The transmission electron microscopy examination of the fine strengthening phases in wrought alloys and bulk extraction in heat-resistant alloys are included. The article also reviews the gamma prime phase, gamma double prime phase, eta phase, laves phase, sigma phase, mu phase, and chi phase in wrought heat-resistant alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006261
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
...) This hexagonal close-packed (D0 24 ) phase may form after extended exposure in iron-nickel-, cobalt-, and nickel-base superalloys with high titanium/aluminum ratios. It may form intergranularly in a cellular form or intragranularly as acicular platelets in a Widmanstätten pattern. Borides M 3 B 2 and M 5 B...
Abstract
This article provides information on nickel alloying elements, and the heat treatment processes of various nickel alloys for applications requiring corrosion resistance and/or high-temperature strength. These processes are homogenization, annealing, solution annealing, solution treating, stabilization treatment, age hardening, stress relieving, and stress equalizing. Discussion of furnaces, fixtures, and atmospheres is included. Nickel alloys used for the heat treatment processes include corrosion-resistant nickel alloys, heat-resistant nickel alloys, nickel-beryllium alloys, special-purpose alloys such as nitinol shape memory alloys, low-expansion alloys, electrical-resistance alloys and soft magnetic alloys. Finally, the article focuses on heat treatment modeling for selecting the appropriate heat treatment process.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006267
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... of their excellent resistance to sulfidation and their strength at temperatures exceeding those at which the gamma prime (γ′) and gamma double-prime (γ″) precipitates dissolve in the nickel and nickel-iron alloys. Historical perspective of cobalt-base superalloys Table 4 Historical perspective of cobalt-base...
Abstract
Cobalt is used as an alloying element in alloys for various applications. This article provides a detailed account of the metallurgy of cobalt-base alloys. It focuses on the compositions, properties, and applications of cobalt-base alloys, which include wear-resistant cobalt alloys, heat-resistant cobalt alloys, and cobalt-base corrosion-resistant alloys. The article also describes the heat treatments such as annealing and aging, for these alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005961
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
...-hardenable stainless steel mechanical properties precipitation hardening precipitation-hardenable stainless steel semiaustenitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steel solution heat treatment wrought iron-base superalloys Precipitation hardening, first discovered in aluminum-copper alloys...
Abstract
Precipitation hardening is a hardening mechanism found in various steels and alloy systems, such as nickel-, cobalt-, titanium-, copper-, and iron-base alloys. This article provides a brief description of precipitation hardening process, furnace equipment, surface-related problems, and protective atmospheres used in heat treatment of iron-base precipitation-hardenable (PH) superalloys. It focuses on various factors to be considered in heat treating of PH stainless steels: cleaning prior to heat treatment, furnace atmospheres, time-temperature cycles, variations in cycles, and scale removal after heat treatment. The article describes the mechanical properties, solution treatment, and aging treatment for many martensitic PH alloys, including: Alloy 17-4 PH, Alloy 13-8 Mo, Alloy 15-5 PH, Custom 450, and Custom 455; as well as semiaustenitic PH stainless steels such as Alloy 17-7 PH, Alloy PH 15-7 Mo, AM-350, Pyromet 350, AM-355, and Pyromet 355; austenitic PH stainless steel, A-286; cast PH stainless steels; and iron-nickel PH superalloys.
Book: Powder Metallurgy
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006094
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... °F) + two-step age) compared to cast and wrought (C/W) Udimet 720. Source: Ref 34 IN-706 IN-706 is an iron-nickel-base superalloy used for very large forged turbine disks in land-based turbine engines for power generation. Cast and wrought processing for these applications includes vacuum...
Abstract
Superalloys are predominantly nickel-base alloys that are strengthened by solid-solution elements including molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, and by precipitation of a Ni 3 (Al, Ti) type compound designated as gamma prime and/or a metastable Ni 3 Nb precipitate designated as gamma double prime. This article provides a discussion on the conventional processing, compositions, characteristics, mechanical properties, and applications of powder metallurgy (PM) superalloys. The conventional processing of PM superalloys involves production of spherical prealloyed powder, screening to a suitable maximum particle size, blending the powder to homogenize powder size distribution, loading powder into containers, vacuum outgassing and sealing the containers, and consolidating the powder to full density. PM superalloys include Rene 95, IN-100, LC Astroloy, Udimet 720, N18, ME16, RR1000, Rene 88DT, PA101, MERL 76, AF2-1DA, Inconel 706, AF115, and KM4. The article reviews specialized PM superalloy processes and technical issues in the usage of PM superalloys.
Book: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003835
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... million (ppm), within the range of 0.01 to 7.6 ppm is then calculated based on a conversion chart provided with the test kit. Examples of the average total iron concentration measured as a function of exposure time for a variety of sintered stainless alloys exposed to a 5 wt% NaCl solution are presented...
Abstract
This article provides a detailed discussion on the most commonly employed tests and specific examples of the use of these tests in evaluating the corrosion resistance of powder metallurgy (P/M) stainless steels. It describes the influence of various processing parameters on the corrosion resistance of P/M stainless steels. The approaches used to improve the corrosion resistance of sintered stainless steels are discussed briefly. The article also presents a discussion on the manufacturing and corrosion characteristics of P/M superalloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003771
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... of their excellent resistance to sulfidation and their strength at temperatures exceeding those at which the gamma-prime (γ′) and gamma-double-prime (γ″) precipitates dissolve in the nickel and nickel-iron alloys. Cobalt-base superalloys: historical perspective Table 9 Cobalt-base superalloys: historical...
Abstract
This article describes the metallurgy and microstructure of high-performance cobalt-base alloys. It discusses metallographic preparation procedures, including sectioning, mounting, grinding, polishing, etching, staining, and heat tinting. It examines the microstructure of cobalt alloys in cast, wrought, and powder metal forms, including magnetic alloys as well as several cobalt-base superalloys.
Book Chapter
Book: Fractography
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000600
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... Maraging steels 798–822 … … 3 18 4 25 Superalloys (d) ( iron-base and nickel-base ) 823–866 1 9 (e) 8 20 3 44 (f) Nickel alloys 867–880 … … … 14 … 14 Cobalt alloys 881–885 … … 2 3 … 5 Copper alloys 886–920 4 4 1 26 (g) … 35 Cast aluminum alloys...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of how fractographs in this Atlas are organized and presented. It contains a table that lists the distribution content of illustrations for various materials discussed in the Atlas. The causes of fractures for various ferrous and nonferrous alloys and engineered materials are also illustrated.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001073
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... is also used as an alloying element in many nickel-base high-temperature alloys. The various types of iron-base, nickel-base, and cobalt-base alloys for high-temperature application are discussed in the article “Wrought and P/M Superalloys” in Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High...
Abstract
This article provides a general overview of physical and mechanical properties, alloy compositions, applications, and product forms of cobalt-base alloys as wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and/or heat-resistant materials. The discussion is largely focused on cobalt-base alloys for wear resistance, as this is the single largest application area of cobalt-base alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006265
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... derive their strength mostly from solid-solution alloying, work hardening, and precipitated phases. The principal strengthening precipitates are the Ni 3 Al gamma prime (γ′) and the Ni 3 Nb gamma double-prime (γ″) intermetallic phases that occur in iron-nickel- and nickel-base alloys. Carbides also may...
Abstract
This article describes the heat treatment of wrought solid-solution and precipitation-hardening alloys with a focus on the major families of wrought nickel alloys. It also provides information on the heat treatment of some representative solid-solution alloys in the Monel (Ni-Cu), Inconel (Ni-Cr-Mo), Hastelloy (Ni-Mo-Cr), and Incoloy (Ni-Fe-Cr) families of alloys. The heat treatment processes for gamma prime nickel alloys, gamma prime nickel-iron superalloys, and gamma double-prime nickel-iron superalloys are also included. The article also provides information on age-hardenable alloys, and the effects of cold work on aging response and grain growth with examples.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001053
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... in with the scrap. Incineration can also be used to remove volatile metals such as lead and zinc. Rotary furnaces are commonly used by scrap processors. Recycling Stainless Steel and Superalloy Scrap Stainless steels are iron-base alloys that contain at least 10% Cr. Other metals are frequently added...
Abstract
A significant amount of the worldwide demand for metals is met with recycled materials acquired by metal producers in the form of purchased scrap. This article focuses primarily on the methods and technology used to process and repurpose the vast amounts of purchased scrap that recirculate in the industrial supply chain. It describes the U.S. market for iron and steel scrap, providing information on scrap use by industry, factors influencing demand, and the purchased scrap supply. Iron and steel recycling is discussed separately from stainless steel and superalloy recycling in this article, as the scrap industry treats them differently. The scrap processing of iron involves collection, separation and sorting, size reduction and compaction, detinning, blending, and incineration. The recycling of stainless steels and superalloys follows the same process, but requires several additional steps, including secondary nickel refining, degreasing, and separation of metallurgical wastes.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001052
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... Superalloys are the major materials of construction for today's high-temperature gas turbine engines used for both commercial and military aircraft. Nickel-base superalloys, along with iron-base and cobalt-base superalloys, are used throughout the engines in wrought, cast, powder metallurgy (P/M), and cast...
Abstract
This article reviews some of the trends in superalloy development as they relate to U.S. strategic materials availability and the aerospace industry. It discusses the supply sources and availability of strategic materials and summarizes the status of U.S. resources and reserves. The article presents a list of several superalloys that have been used in gas turbine engines or that are emerging as replacements because of the promise of increased operating temperatures and higher efficiencies for the aircraft of the future. It concentrates on the objectives, results, and methodology of the NASA Conservation of Strategic Aerospace Materials (COSAM) program.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003147
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... resistance. However, nickel can accommodate larger amounts of alloying elements, chiefly chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten, in solid solution than iron. Therefore, nickel-base alloys, in general, can be used in more severe environments than the stainless steels. In fact, because nickel is used to stabilize...
Abstract
Nickel and nickel-base alloys are vitally important to modern industry because of their ability to withstand a wide variety of severe operating conditions involving corrosive environments, high temperatures, high stresses, and combinations of these factors. This article discusses the mining and extraction of nickel and describes the uses of nickel. It discusses the categories of nickel-base alloys, including wrought corrosion-resistant alloys, cast corrosion-resistant alloys, heat-resistant alloys (superalloys), and special-purpose alloys. The article covers the corrosion resistance of nickel with the inclusion of varying alloying elements. It provides useful information on the behavior of nickel and nickel alloys in specific environments describes its corrosion resistance in certain acids, alkalis, and salts.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006582
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... of superalloys possess a disordered face-centered cubic γ matrix. The solid-solution-strengthened superalloys are primarily reinforced by additions of chromium, molybdenum, iron, and tungsten among other elements to the material. The precipitate-strengthened nickel-base superalloys benefit from additions...
Abstract
This article covers the current state of materials development of nickel-base superalloys for additive manufacturing (AM) processes and the associated challenges. The discussion focuses on nickel-base superalloy fusion AM processes, providing information on typically encountered cracking mechanisms in AM nickel-base superalloys, such as solid-solution-strengthened nickel-base superalloys and precipitate-strengthened nickel-base superalloys. The mechanisms include solidification cracking, strain-age cracking, liquation cracking, and ductility-dip cracking. The article also provides a short discussion on binder jet AM and powder recyclability.