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wind turbine blades

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006378
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... of the distinctions between the different forms of erosion. It discusses steam turbine blade erosion, aircraft rain erosion, and rain erosion of wind turbine blades. The article describes the mechanisms of liquid impact erosion and time dependence of erosion rate. It reviews critical empirical observations regarding...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006796
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... such as rain erosion of solid materials, gas turbine blades, wind turbine blades, airplane components, and pipe-wall thinning in nuclear/fossil power plants. Because of the fundamental interest in the mechanics of fluids and solids, this topic has been reviewed by Heymann ( Ref 1 ) and Richman ( Ref 2...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006354
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... fresh oil, or both Ensure angular motion for reciprocating systems, such as yaw drives and actuators, is sufficient to wipe fresh lubricant into the contact Avoid parking wind turbines for extended periods Avoid dithering of wind turbine blades; vary pitch angle enough to entrain fresh oil...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003409
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... wider resin content tolerance bands. A good example of this is E- glass fiber/epoxy resin wind turbine blades. The thick (typically 600 g/m 2 ) stitched multiaxial fabric in a very tacky resin is able to conform to the blade curvature and to the root section where it joins the hub. For low-volume...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005708
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
.... Similar requirements for corrosion protection also are essential for other techniques used to convert energy from seawater, for example, the exploitation of tidal stream, wave power, or ocean thermal energy. Average wind turbine sizes also have increased, with some manufacturers launching 5 MW...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002369
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... ), for offshore structures ( Ref 10 , 36 ), and for wind turbines ( Ref 12 , 55 , 56 ). These probabilistic tools can be applied to fatigue-life and crack-growth problems in the following ways. For fatigue-life problems, one starts with a deterministic analysis capability for the time to failure...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006400
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... in the blades. Fiber optic sensors are most frequently used for wind turbines. Summary The technology and complexity of modern machines is increasing almost exponentially, and consequently, the systems used to monitor their performance and guide maintenance actions are becoming increasingly complex...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004131
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... limits in the root section of a compressor blade Surface oxidation reduces the load-bearing capacity of turbine blades and vanes. In marine environments hot corrosion may rapidly destroy airfoils by surface melting, as evidenced by surface rippling ( Fig. 8a ) and metallographic section ( Fig. 8b...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006787
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... failures, molten salts for energy storage, and degradation and failures in gas turbines. The article describes the effects of environment on aero gas turbine engines and provides an overview of aging, diffusion, and interdiffusion phenomena. It also discusses the processes involved in high-temperature...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003485
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... applications of MMCs. The applications include ventral fin, fuel access door covers, helicopter blade sleeve, fan exit guide vane, nozzle actuator piston rod, nozzle actuator links, T-1 racks, and hydraulic manifold. aeronautical subsystem application aeropropulsion application aerostructural...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001080
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... systems, piping and tubing, turbine blades, generator retaining rings, rotor slot wedges, linings for FGD units, nuclear waste disposal  Geothermal energy Heat exchangers, evaporators, condensers, tubes Marine engineering  Shipbuilding Heat exchangers, condensers, piping and tubing, propellers...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003512
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... of these criteria can constitute failure. For example, a steam turbine blade whose tip has eroded affects turbine efficiency and hence affects the economics of operation adversely. The blade should therefore be replaced even though it can continue to operate. Component failures are thus defined in terms...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003284
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
...-Tunnel Tests Because of the large size and expense of the test rig, the wind-tunnel method shown schematically in Fig. 4(c) is used predominantly where information on the performance of shaped components such as turbine blades is required, rather than for studies of material response alone...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003061
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... and valve components, rolling elements and bearings, paper and wire manufacturing, biomedical implants, heat exchangers, adiabatic diesel engines, advanced gas turbines, and aerospace applications. advanced ceramics aerospace applications mineral processing equipment structural applications...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006802
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
.... The industrial definition of failure is often quite different from a textbook definition. A component, in practice, is deemed to have failed when it can no longer perform its intended function safely, reliably, and economically. Any one of these criteria can constitute failure. For example, a steam turbine blade...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003520
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., which looked like sine waves, but he recorded their occurrence and the date and time. What he observed were Aeolian vibrations (named after Aeolus, god of the winds) that can occur in guy wires when improperly tensioned and subject to winds of a specific direction and speed. Aeolian vibrations accounted...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006814
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006815
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... of rotors Number of stages in compressors and in turbines Directions of rotation Maneuver G-load envelope Containment requirements (in the event of a blade liberation) Customer bleeds (pressurized air taken from the engine for various airframe functions) Engine envelope (the allotted space...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006447
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... equipment with laser illumination and a scope length up to 30 m (100 ft) with various diameters and articulation angles. Fig. 19 Foreign object damage at the leading-edge suction side of a turbine blade Fig. 20 Chordal crack on the outer side of a turbine nozzle Fig. 21 Depth map...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006429
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... of fluids, but both are quite different in terms of usage and mechanism. Although fluid machinery also includes blowers, fans, water-turbines, and wind-turbines, these types of machine are not addressed here. This article addresses the friction, lubrication, and wear of components in several types...