Search Results for whiteheart malleable iron

Malleable iron, like ductile iron, possesses considerable ductility and toughness because of its combination of nodular graphite and low-carbon metallic matrix. There are two basic types of malleable iron: blackheart and whiteheart. This article focuses on the blackheart malleable iron and discusses the chemical composition of malleable iron. A summary of mechanical properties and specifications of malleable iron castings is presented in a table. The article also reviews the mechanical properties of ferritic malleable iron and pearlitic and martensitic-pearlitic malleable irons.

Malleable iron possesses considerable ductility and toughness because of its combination of nodular graphite and a low-carbon metallic matrix. The desired formation of temper carbon in malleable irons has two basic requirements. First, graphite should not form during the solidification of the white cast iron, and second, graphite must also be readily formed during the annealing heat treatment. These two metallurgical requirements influence the useful compositions of malleable irons and the melting, solidification, and annealing procedures. There are two basic types of malleable iron: blackheart and whiteheart. This article considers only the blackheart type and describes the metallurgical factors of malleable iron. It discusses the mechanical properties of pearlitic and martensitic malleable irons. The article provides additional information on the properties and heat treatment of ferritic, pearlitic, and martensitic malleable irons. The article lists some of the typical applications of malleable iron castings.

Malleable iron is a type of cast iron that has most of its carbon in the form of irregularly shaped graphite nodules instead of flakes, as in gray iron, or small graphite spherulites, as in ductile iron. This article discusses the production of malleable iron based on the metallurgical criteria: to produce solidified white iron throughout the section thickness; and to produce the desired graphite distribution (nodule count) upon annealing. It describes the induction heating and quenching or flame heating and quenching for surface hardening of fully pearlitic malleable iron. Laser and electron beam techniques also have been used for hardening selected areas on the surface of pearlitic and ferritic malleable iron castings that are free from decarburization.

This article discusses the fatigue and fracture behavior of various types of cast iron, such as gray iron, ductile iron, malleable iron, compacted graphite iron, and white iron, as a function of chemical composition, matrix microstructure, and graphite morphology.

This article provides a short time travel of the evolution of cast iron from witchcraft to virtual cast iron, a road paralleled by the gigantic stride from a low-quality, corrupt metal to the high-tech material that it is today. It presents a chronological list of developments and use of cast iron during prehistory, antiquity, and the medieval ages in a table. The earliest successful iron founding is generally credited to the ancient Mesopotamian civilizations many centuries before Christ. The article discusses the evolution of early cast iron in Mesopotamia and China, as well as in Europe in the medieval ages. It provides information on the applications of cast iron as a high-tech, economical, and modern material.

Malleable iron, like ductile iron, possesses considerable ductility and toughness because of its combination of nodular graphite and low-carbon metallic matrix. This article discusses melting practices such as batch cold melting and duplexing, and their control mechanisms. It schematically illustrates the microstructure of annealed ferritic malleable iron, which is characterized by microstructures consisting of uniformly dispersed fine particles of free carbon in a matrix of ferrite or tempered martensite. The article describes the digital solidification analysis technology, simulation technologies, and smart engineering for the production of malleable iron. It provides information on the applications of ferritic and pearlitic malleable irons.

Malleable iron is a cast ferrous metal that is initially produced as white cast iron and is then heat treated to convert the carbon-containing phase from iron carbide to a nodular form of graphite called temper carbon. This article provides a discussion on the melting practices, heat treatment, microstructure, production technologies, mechanical properties, and applications of ferritic, pearlitic, and martensitic malleable irons.

Malleable iron is a type of cast iron that has most of its carbon in the form of irregularly shaped graphite nodules. This article tabulates the typical composition of malleable iron and specifications, and applications of malleable iron castings. It discusses the metallurgical control of malleable irons with emphasis on its composition and heat treatment. The article provides information on the specifications and mechanical properties of different types of malleable irons, such as ferritic, pearlitic, and martensitic malleable irons.

This article discusses the classification schemes for cast irons and describes the characteristics of major categories, including gray iron, white iron, ductile iron, compacted graphite iron, mottled iron, malleable iron, and austempered ductile iron. It also discusses some of the basic principles of cast iron metallurgy. When discussing the metallurgy of cast iron, the main factors of influence on the structure include chemical composition, cooling rate, liquid treatment, and heat treatment. In terms of commercial status, cast irons can be classified as common cast irons and special cast irons. Special cast irons differ from the common cast irons mainly in the higher content of alloying elements. Alloying elements can be added in common cast iron to enhance some mechanical properties. They influence both the graphitization potential and the structure and properties of the matrix.

This article discusses criteria that can be used for the classification of cast iron: fracture aspect, graphite shape, microstructure of the matrix, commercial designation, and mechanical properties. It addresses the main factors of influence on the structure of cast iron, including chemical composition, cooling rate, and heat treatment. The article describes some basic principles of cast iron metallurgy. It discusses the main effects of the chemical composition of ductile iron and compacted graphite (CG) iron. The composition of malleable irons must be selected in such a way as to produce a white as-cast structure and to allow for fast annealing times. Some typical compositions of malleable irons are presented in a table. The article concludes with information on special cast irons.

The term cast iron designates a group of materials that contain more than one constituent in their microstructure due to excess carbon that result in unique characteristics such as the fracture appearance and graphite morphology. This article discusses the classification of cast iron and the various metallurgical aspects, such as the composition, alloying element, solidification, and graphite morphologies, of different types of cast iron. It describes the physical properties for various cast irons and the influence of microstructure and chemical composition on each property. The article provides a detailed account on thermal properties, conductive properties, magnetic properties, and acoustic properties of cast iron. It also examines heat treatment, namely, stress relieving, annealing, normalizing, through hardening, and surface hardening. The article presents a discussion on the welding, machining and grinding, and coating of the types of cast iron.

Interplays of metallurgical factors, such as dissolved oxygen, carbon, and silicon content, that control the molten metal from melting to pouring, have a decisive influence on the quality of the castings. This article focuses on the magnesium treatment and desulfurization carried out during inoculation and nucleation of molten cast iron, assisting in the formation of cast iron. The different types of cast irons are gray cast iron, nodular cast iron, compacted graphite iron, malleable cast iron, and alloyed cast iron. The article provides an overview of the melt treatment processes carried out in cast steel, wrought and cast aluminum, and copper materials.