Search Results for wheel selection

This article discusses the various elements of thread grinding processes, including thread grinding machines, tolerances, wheel selection, grinding speed, and grinding fluids. It describes truing of grinding wheels and reviews the process applications. In addition, the article describes the five basic methods employed for cylindrical thread grinding, namely, single-rib wheel traverse grinding, multirib wheel traverse grinding, multirib wheel plunge grinding, multirib wheel skip-rib, or alternate-rib, grinding, and multirib wheel three-rib grinding. It also provides an overview of centerless grinding of threads and high-volume applications of thread grinding.

Superabrasives collectively refer to the diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasives used in grinding applications. This article discusses the classification of superabrasive wheels according to a variety of sizes and shapes, construction, concentration, and bond systems. It provides information on the applications of the superabrasive wheels depending on the factors of the grinding system. These factors include machine tool variables, work material, wheel selection, and operational factors. The article describes the methods available for superabrasive wheel truing in production grinding operations, namely, stationary tool, powered, and form truings. It reviews the truing methods, such as truing with abrasive wheels and hard ceramics, for batch production. The article explains practical methods available for dressing CBN wheels, namely, abrasive stick, abrasive-jet, slurry, and high-pressure waterjet dressing. It concludes with information on the conditioning process of the CBN wheel.

Abrasive finishing is a method where a large number of multipoint or random cutting edges are coupled with abrasive grains as a bond or matrix material for effective removal of material at smaller chip sizes. This article provides a broad overview of the various categories of abrasive products and materials, abrasive finishing processes, and the mechanisms of delivering the abrasives to the grinding or machining zone. Abrasive finishing processes, such as grinding, honing, superfinishing, microgrinding, polishing, buffing, and lapping, are discussed. The article presents a brief discussion on abrasive jet machining and ultrasonic machining. It concludes with a discussion on the four categories of factors that affect the abrasive finishing or machining: machine tool, work material, wheel selection, and operational.

Ceramics usually require some form of machining prior to use to meet dimensional and surface quality standards. This article focuses on abrasive machining, particularly grinding, and addresses common methods and critical process factors. It covers cylindrical, centerless, and disk grinding and provides information on tooling, wheel selection, work material, and operational factors. It also discusses precision slicing and slotting, lapping, honing, and polishing as well as abrasive waterjet, electrical discharge, laser, and ultrasonic machining.

In all grinding operations, care must be used in the selection of wheels and abrasive belts to meet finish and tolerance requirements without damaging the workpiece. This article discusses the major aspects of the grinding wheel, including production methods, selection considerations, standard marking systems, abrasives, and bonding types. It compares bonded wheel grinding with abrasive belt grinding. The article reviews the types of grinding fluids and discusses their importance in grinding operations. It describes the specific grinding processes and provides recommendations for grinding and grinding wheels.

This article describes the process applications, advantages, and limitations of resistance seam welding. The fundamentals of lap seam welding are also reviewed. The article details the types of seam welds, namely, lap seam welds and mash seam welds, and the processing equipment used for lap seam welding. The primary factors used to determine the selection of electrodes, including alloy type and wheel configuration, are reviewed. The article also describes weld quality and process control procedures.

This article describes the sectioning process, some general practices, common tools, and guidelines on how to select a cutting tool for a given metallographic sectioning operation. It provides a discussion on the consumable-abrasive cutting and nonconsumable-abrasive cutting methods for metallographic sectioning. Other methods, including the use of hacksaws, shears, burning torches, wire saws, and electrical discharge machining, are also reviewed. The article reviews the issues related to the specimen test location for certification work as well as process troubleshooting and component failure analysis.

This article describes the various characteristics of electrochemical grinding (ECG). It discusses grinding methods that can be performed with ECG components, namely, the electrolyte delivery and circulating system, the electrolyte, the DC power supply, grinding wheel, and the workpiece. Grinding, surface grinding, internal grinding, form grinding, and cylindrical grinding are discussed. The article also lists the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of ECG.

This article provides a discussion on a working principle, the operations, characteristics, capabilities, and applications of electrochemical grinding (ECG). The basic elements of the ECG machine tool are also presented.

Resistance seam welding (RSEW) is a process in which the heat generated by resistance to the flow of electric current in the work metal is combined with pressure to produce a welded seam. This article discusses the various classes of the RSEW process, namely roll spot welding, reinforced roll spot welding, and leak-tight seam welding. It provides information on the applications of lap seam weld, mash seam weld, and butt seam weld. The article reviews the advantages and limitations of seam welding compared to resistance spot welding, projection welding, and laser welding. It describes the four basic types of resistance seam weld machines: circular, longitudinal, universal, and portable. The article concludes with a discussion on weld quality and process control for seam welding.

Metal is removed from the workpiece by the mechanical action of irregularly shaped abrasive grains in all grinding operations. This article discusses three primary components of grinding wheels, namely, abrasive (the cutting tool), bond (the tool holder), and porosity or air for chip clearance and/or the introduction of coolant. It describes the compositions and applications of coated abrasives and types of grinding fluids, such as petroleum-base and mineral-base cutting oils, water-soluble oils, synthetic fluids, semisynthetic fluids, and water plus additives. The article concludes with information on different types of grinding processes, namely, rough grinding, precision grinding, surface grinding, cylindrical grinding, centerless grinding, internal grinding, and tool grinding.

Mechanical finishes usually can be applied to aluminum using the same equipment used for other metals. This article describes the two types of grinding used in mechanical finishing: abrasive belt grinding and abrasive wheel grinding. It reviews the binders and fluid carriers used in buffing, and discusses satin finishing and barrel finishing. It also describes lapping and honing techniques that are of special interest in treating aluminum parts that have received hard anodic coatings. Honing recommendations for aluminum alloys are presented in a table.

This article discusses the procedures used for pickling nickel and nickel alloys. Nickel alloys can be divided into four groups: high-nickel alloys, nickel-copper alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, and nickel-iron-chromium alloys. Alloys within each composition group that has similar surface conditions are pickled in the same solutions using the same procedures. The article discusses three different surface conditions for pickling these nickel alloys: bright annealed white surface requiring removal of tarnish by flash pickling; bright annealed oxidized surface requiring removal of a layer of reduced oxide, sometimes followed by a flash pickle to brighten; and black or dark-colored surface requiring removal of adherent oxide film or scale. The article also reviews specialized pickling operations of nickel alloys and various cleaning and finishing operations, including grinding, polishing, buffing, brushing, and blasting.

Mechanical cleaning systems are used to remove contaminants of work surface by propelling abrasive materials through any of these three principal methods: airless centrifugal blast blade- or vane-type wheels; compressed air, direct-pressure dry blast nozzle systems; or compressed-air, indirect-suction (induction) wet or dry blast nozzle systems. This article focuses on the abrasive media, equipment, applications, and limitations of dry and wet blast cleaning. It discusses the health and safety precautions to be taken during mechanical cleaning.

This article focuses on the machining of reactive metals which refer collectively to the elements titanium, hafnium, and zirconium. It provides guidelines for machining titanium and titanium alloys and describes machining operations, such as turning, milling, drilling, tapping, reaming, grinding, and sawing, performed on titanium and its alloys. The article also provides information on electrochemical machining (ECM), chemical milling (CHM), and laser beam machining (LBM) for titanium and titanium alloys. Guidelines for machining zirconium alloys and hafnium are also provided. The article provides a short description of turning, milling, and drilling operations performed on zirconium alloys and hafnium. It also discusses health and safety considerations related to zirconium and hafnium.

The design process for ceramic materials is more complex than that of metals because of low-strain tolerance, low fracture toughness and brittleness. The application of structural ceramics to engineering systems hinges on the functional benefits to be derived and is manifested in the conceptual design for acceptable reliability. This article discusses the design considerations for the use of structural ceramics for engineering applications. It describes the conceptual design and deals with fast fracture reliability, lifetime reliability, joints, attachments, interfaces, and thermal shock in detailed design procedure. The article provides information on the proof testing of ceramics, and presents a short note on public domain software that helps determine the reliability of a loaded ceramic component. The article concludes with several design scenarios for gas turbine components, turbine wheels, ceramic valves, and sliding parts.

This article presents a detailed account of the welding parameters, equipment needed, applications, advantages, limitations, and the process variables affecting various types of resistance welding operations, namely, resistance spot welding, resistance seam welding, resistance projection welding, and flash welding.