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welding fuels
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005642
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract This article contains a table that lists the properties of various fuel gases, namely, acetylene, hydrogen, methane, methyl acetylene propadiene, propane, propylene, and natural gas. It discusses shielding gases, their mixtures and uses in gas metal arc welding, flux cored arc welding...
Abstract
This article contains a table that lists the properties of various fuel gases, namely, acetylene, hydrogen, methane, methyl acetylene propadiene, propane, propylene, and natural gas. It discusses shielding gases, their mixtures and uses in gas metal arc welding, flux cored arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, and plasma arc welding.
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Published: 30 November 2018
Fig. 9 Resistance seam welding of an aircraft integral wing fuel tank using continuous electrode motion. Dimensions given in inches
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Image
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 1 Conditions for GTAW of a nuclear fuel container. Distortion in welding was minimized by increasing the mass of the fixture to increase heat withdrawal and by chamfering joint edges to permit reduction of welding current. Automatic GTAW Joint type Circumferential edge
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001372
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
..., and a welding torch. Oxygen and fuel are stored in separate cylinders. The gas regulator attached to each cylinder, whether fuel gas or oxygen, controls the pressure at which the gas flows to the welding torch. At the torch, the gas passes through an inlet control valve and into the torch body, through a tube...
Abstract
Oxyfuel gas welding (OFW) is a manual process in which the metal surfaces to be joined are melted progressively by heat from a gas flame, with or without a filler metal. This article discusses the capabilities, advantages, and limitations of OFW. It describes the role of gases, such as oxygen, acetylene, hydrogen, natural gas, propane, and proprietary gases, in OFW. The article discusses the important elements of an OFW system, such as gas storage facilities, pressure regulators, hoses, torches, related safety devices, and accessories. It describes the sequence for setting up a positive-pressure welding outfit. The article provides information on forehand welding and backhand welding, as well as various joints used. It concludes with a discussion on repairs and alterations, as well as the safety aspects.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001487
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... be explosive under some conditions. Fuel gases, such as acetylene or propane, are other common flammables often found in cutting and welding areas. Special attention should be given to fuel gas cylinders, hoses, and apparatus to prevent gas leakage. Combustibles that cannot be removed from the area...
Abstract
Safety is an important consideration in all welding, cutting, and related work. This article discusses the basic elements of safety general to all welding, cutting, and related processes. It includes safety procedures common to a variety of applications. The most important component of an effective safety and health program is management support and direction. The article reviews the role of management, training, housekeeping, and public demonstrations in welding safety to minimize personal injury and property damage. It provides information on the safety measures for eye and face protection in various welding and cutting operations. Injuries and fatalities from electric shock in welding and cutting operations can occur if proper precautionary measures are not followed. The article discusses the electrical safety aspects to be considered for various welding and cutting operations.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005635
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract This article presents an overview of the rules, regulations, and techniques implemented to minimize the safety hazards associated with welding, cutting, and allied processes. Safety management, protection of the work area, process-specific safety considerations, and robotic...
Abstract
This article presents an overview of the rules, regulations, and techniques implemented to minimize the safety hazards associated with welding, cutting, and allied processes. Safety management, protection of the work area, process-specific safety considerations, and robotic and electrical safety are discussed. The article explains the use of personal protective equipment and provides information on protection against fumes, gases, and electromagnetic radiation. It concludes with a discussion on safe handling of compressed gases as well as the prevention and protection of fire and explosion.
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 63 Micrographs of cross sections prepared adjacent to a weld in the Ti-6Al-4V Apollo service propulsion system fuel pressure vessel that failed during a hydrostatic test using methanol. (a) Cross section adjacent to weld in cracked vessel. (b) Another crack near the same weld. Original
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Image
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 4 Schematic showing cross-sectional view of a spiral equal-pressure mixer. (1) Welding torch head. (2) Oxygen tube from torch head. (3) Acetylene (fuel gas) passages from torch head. (4) Nozzle nut. (5) Welding nozzle cone end. (6) Spiral in welding nozzle. (7) Mixer orifice and mixing
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Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 50 Stress-corrosion cracking of a solution-treated and aged Ti-6Al-4V Apollo service propulsion system (SPS) fuel pressure vessel during a system checkout test. Fluid test medium was methanol. (a) Cross section adjacent to weld in cracked vessel. 65×. (b) Another crack near the same weld
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003208
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... consists of compressed gas cylinders, gas pressure regulators, hoses, and a welding torch. Oxygen and fuel are stored in separate cylinders. The gas regulator attached to each cylinder, whether fuel gas or oxygen, controls the pressure at which the gas flows to the welding torch. At the torch, the gas...
Abstract
This article discusses the principles of operation, equipment needed, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of various fusion welding processes, namely, oxyfuel gas welding, electron beam welding, stud welding, laser beam welding, percussion welding, high-frequency welding, and thermite welding.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005552
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
.... For fusion welding, chemical energy sources include combustion of fuel gas with oxygen (oxyfuel welding processes) and exothermic reaction of particulate metals and oxides (combustion synthesis welding processes), while electrical energy sources include arcs (arc welding processes), joule heating (resistance...
Abstract
This article overviews the classification of welding processes and the key process embodiments for joining by various fusion welding processes: fusion welding with chemical sources for heating; fusion welding with electrical energy sources, such as arc welding or resistance welding; and fusion welding with directed energy sources, such as laser welding, electron beam welding. The article reviews the different types of nonfusion welding processes, regardless of the particular energy source, which is usually mechanical but can be chemical, and related subprocesses of brazing and soldering.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004156
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Corrosion The lower furnace of a coal- or oil-fired boiler is essentially a large enclosed volume where the combustion of fossil fuel, as well as the cooling of the combustion products, takes place. The furnace enclosures are made of water-cooled tubes, generally in a welded membrane construction...
Abstract
The presence of certain impurities in coal and oil is responsible for the majority of fireside corrosion experienced in utility boilers. In coal, the primary impurities are sulfur, alkali metals, and chlorine. The most detrimental impurities in fuel oil are vanadium, sodium, sulfur, and chlorine. This article describes the two categories of fireside corrosion based on location in the furnace: waterwall corrosion in the lower furnace and fuel ash corrosion of superheaters and reheaters in the upper furnace. It discusses prevention methods, including changes to operating parameters and application of protective cladding or coatings.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004223
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Mid-1970s PWSCC of PWR alloy 600 steam generator tubing Mid-1970s Pellet-cladding interaction failures of BWR zircaloy fuel cladding Mid-1970s IGSCC of BWR welded small-diameter type 304 piping Mid-1970s IGSCC of BWR large-diameter type 304 piping Late 1970s IGSCC of BWR alloy X-750...
Abstract
This article reviews a series of serious corrosion problems that have plagued the light water reactor (LWR) industry. It discusses the complex corrosion mechanisms involved, and the development of practical engineering solutions for their mitigation. The article contains tables that present the corrosion history of LWRs, and the ten most expensive operation and maintenance costs of corrosion for a particular reactor site.
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 18 Type 347 stainless steel inlet header for fuel-to-air heat exchanger that cracked due to poor welding technique and unfavorable joint design. Dimensions given in inches
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 25 Type 347 stainless steel inlet header for fuel-to air heat exchanger that cracked due to poor welding technique and unfavorable joint design. Dimensions given in inches
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Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 23 Secondary electron image of microscopic fracture features of a through-wall crack due to amine stress-corrosion cracking in a fuel gas drain line. The drain line contained monoethanolamine, which was supported by nitrogen detected on the fracture surface. The crack followed the root
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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001816
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... Fig. 2 Weld defect (lack of fusion). This defect did not cause a failure even after 27 years in a reheater. Failures Involving Sudden Tube Rupture In the basic design of a boiler, the heat input from the combustion of fuel is balanced by the formation of steam in the furnace...
Abstract
This article explains the main types and characteristic causes of failures in boilers and other equipment in stationary and marine power plants that use steam as the working fluid with examples. It focuses on the distinctive features of each type that enable the failure analyst to determine the cause and suggest corrective action. The causes of failures include tube rupture, corrosion or scaling, fatigue, erosion, and stress-corrosion cracking. The article also describes the procedures for conducting a failure analysis.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003179
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
...). Fig. 9 Two types of blades for shearing of bars Oxyfuel Gas Cutting OXYFUEL GAS CUTTING (OFC) includes a group of cutting processes that use controlled chemical reactions to remove preheated metal by rapid oxidation in a stream of pure oxygen. A fuel gas/oxygen flame heats the workpiece...
Abstract
This article discusses the operating principles, types, and applications of shearing and slitting of different forms of steel, including plates, flat sheets, bars, coiled sheet and strips. In addition, it provides a detailed account of the cutting methods such as oxyfuel gas cutting, plasma arc cutting, oxygen arc cutting, laser beam cutting, and air carbon arc cutting and gouging, describing their process capabilities, equipment used, operating principles and parameters, and factors affecting their efficiency.
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 17 Original and improved methods of forming a fuel-nozzle swirl cup for a turbojet engine. (a) Part formed by original method; six press-formed sections welded together. (b) Partly drawn blank ready for rubber-diaphragm forming. (c) Punch of six similar wedge-shaped segments doweled
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001385
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Torch brazing utilizes a fuel gas flame as a heat source for the brazing process. This article discusses the advantages, limitations, applications, and key techniques of torch brazing, and presents an overview of the equipment used. brazing equipment torch brazing TORCH...
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