Search Results for weldability tests

This article focuses on the tests for evaluating the weldability, cracking susceptibility, weld pool shape, fluid flow, and weld penetration of base materials. These tests include different types of self-restraint tests, externally loaded tests for evaluating cracking susceptibility and weld penetration tests, weld pool shape tests, and Gleeble testing for evaluating weld pool shape, fluid flow, and weld penetration.

This article aims to survey the factors controlling the weldability of carbon and low-alloy steels in arc welding. It discusses the influence of operational parameters, thermal cycles, and metallurgical factors on weld metal transformations and the susceptibility to hot and cold cracking. The article addresses the basic principles that affect the weldability of carbon and low-alloy steels. It outlines the characteristic features of welds and the metallurgical factors that affect weldability. It describes the common tests to determine steel weldability. There are various types of tests for determining the susceptibility of the weld joint to different types of cracking during fabrication, including restraint tests, externally loaded tests, underbead cracking tests, and lamellar tearing tests. Weldability tests are conducted to provide information on the service and performance of welds. The major tests that are discussed in this article are weld tension test, bend test, the drop-weight test, the Charpy V-notch test, the crack tip opening displacement test, and stress-corrosion cracking test.

This article discusses the standard test methods that can be applied to many types of welds: tension, bending, impact, and toughness testing. It provides information on four qualification stages, namely, the weld material qualification, base material qualification, the weld procedure qualification, and the weld service assessment. The article describes two general types of measurements for residual stress in welds: locally destructive techniques and nondestructive techniques. Locally destructive techniques include hole drilling, chip machining, and block sectioning. Nondestructive techniques include X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, Barkhausen noise analysis, and ultrasonic propagation analysis. The article concludes with an overview of weldability testing.

This article is a guide to the welding of commercially available aluminum-lithium alloys. It discusses the weldability issues created by weld porosity, hot cracking, and filler metal selection and presents the data revealed from weld characterization.

The process of making assemblies of solid-solution and precipitation hardening groups of alloys and superalloys often requires welding of dissimilar metals, welding of diffusion-bonded materials, and sometimes weld overlay cladding and even thermal spraying that in turn requires special knowledge and treatments developed specifically for each material. This article emphasizes the special metallurgical welding considerations for welding solid-solution and precipitation hardening nickel alloys, cobalt alloys, and superalloys.

This article discusses four types of defects in materials that have been fusion welded and that have been the focus of much attention because of the magnitude of their impact on product quality. These include hot cracks, heat-affected zone (HAZ) microfissures, cold cracks, and lamellar tearing. These defects, all of which manifest themselves as cracks, are characteristic of phenomena that occur at certain temperature intervals specific to a given alloy. The article presents selected alloy 625 compositions used in weldability study.

Weldability is a function of three major factors: base material quality, welding process, and design. This article focuses on base-metal weldability of aluminum alloys in terms of mechanical property degradation in both the weld region and heat-affected zone, weld porosity, and susceptibility to solidification cracking and liquation cracking. It provides an overview on welding processes, including gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, resistance spot and seam welding, laser beam welding, and various solid-state welding processes. A review on joint design is also included, mainly in the general factors associated with service weldability (fitness). The article also provides a discussion on the selection and weldability of non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys, heat treatable aluminum alloys, aluminum-lithium alloys, and aluminum metal-matrix composites.

The selection of the best material for a particular design is intimately associated with the decisions of how to process the material or manufacture a part. This article describes the basic characteristics of manufacturing processes such as material factors, shape factors, and process factors. The influence of materials on the manufacturing cost is described with a specific example. The article discusses the design for manufacturability to minimize the total number of parts, use readily processed materials, and eliminate machining and finishing operations. It reviews the factors influencing the selection of a material for production, including material composition, heat-treated condition, surface finish, and cost of material. The article describes the material characteristics, such as terms formability, workability, castability, machinability, and weldability, that aid or hinder the production of a part without defects.

Repair welding is a necessary operation for most fabricators and can cost more than the price of the original component if performed improperly. This article provides a discussion on the repair welding of castings for ferrous and nonferrous materials. The discussion focuses on the surface preparation, weld repair process selection, joint selection, filler metal selection, weld repair considerations, deposition techniques, postweld heat treatment, and verification of weld repair quality.

Alloy 6156 is an Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Mn weldable alloy, developed for the lower portion of the fuselage, which required a T6 temper strength level and high damage tolerance properties. This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy of this 6xxx series alloy. Fatigue crack growth and material toughness for various thicknesses of alloy 6156 clad T62 are illustrated.

This article discusses the key factors that influence the selection of engineered materials for a particular application. Materials properties such as ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, and ductility, which chiefly define the performance or functional characteristics, are covered. This is followed by manufacturing process considerations such as material factors, shape factors, process factors, and the characteristics of fabricability, namely formability, workability, castability, machinability, and weldability.

Weldability refers to the ease of welding a material under the imposed fabrication conditions to perform satisfactorily during service. This article is a comprehensive collection of tables that summarize the general weldability of cast irons, steels, nonferrous metals, and their alloys by common fusion welding processes.

Repair and maintenance of parts and components is carried out as a logical procedure that ensures the production of a usable and safe component or it can be approached haphazardly. This article describes the requirements and repair techniques of arc and oxyfuel welding processes to repair weld defects and structural failures. It further discusses the preliminary assessment and base-metal preparation involved in weld repair. Furthermore, the article provides information on the general repair guidelines that are followed to ensure successful weld repairs of both ferrous (carbon steels, cast irons, and stainless steels) and nonferrous (titanium) base metals.

This article focuses on the physical metallurgy of nonferrous high-temperature materials that affects weldability on the precipitates used for age hardening (strain-age cracking). Those precipitates associated with solidification and solidification segregation, primarily Laves and carbides (heat-affected zone grain boundaries cracking), are also discussed. The article examines the parameters that affect heat-affected zone liquation cracking and presents a solution for each problem.

This article discusses special metallurgical considerations during the fusion welding of refractory metal alloys. These considerations are: microstructure, interstitial impurities, and welding conditions that are considered during the fusion welding of refractory metal alloys, including tantalum, niobium, rhenium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Refractory metal alloys are discussed in the order of decreasing weldability: tantalum, niobium, rhenium, molybdenum, and tungsten.