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Fig. 3 Solute distribution curve (weight percent copper vs. weight fraction solid contained) for three cases of Al-4.5%Cu alloy: equilibrium (Eq: α → ∞), Gulliver-Scheil (G-S; α → 0), and directional solidification with α = 0.5. For equilibrium, the final as-cast solute distribution (Eq-final More

Fig. 11 Actual and percent weight gain and percent weight reduction by coating with time of IMI 834 alloy (Ti-5.8%Al-4%Sn-3.5%Zr-0.7%Nb-0.5%Mo-0.3%Si) at 800 °C (1472 °F) up to 400 h. Adapted from Ref 10 , 17 More

Fig. 17 Overall temperature-time, weight-time, and weight-temperature curves for conventional binder burnout and sintering of ceramic multilayer capacitors More

Fig. 17 Coating weight loss as a function of number of revolutions. (a) Weight loss values after 10,000 revolutions as a function of coating thickness. (b) Point represented by red circle indicates the coating annealed at 373 K (100 °C, or 212 °F). Source: Ref 57 More

Fig. 5 Effect of withdrawal rate on weight of galvanized coatings. Bath temperature, 435 °C (815 °F) More

Fig. 9 Effect of immersion time on galvanized coating weight for killed and unkilled steels. Galvanizing temperature, 455 °C (850 °F). Killed steel: 0.35% C, 0.26% Si, 0.46% Mn. Unkilled steel: 0.13% C, trace Si, 0.40% Mn More

Fig. 10 Comparison of coating weight as a function of silicon content for conventional and Polygalva galvanizing processes More

Fig. 12 Coating weight versus immersion time for three steels with varying silicon contents galvanized in a high-temperature bath containing 0.22% Fe. ○, steel containing 0.02% Si; ●, steel containing 0.22% Si; Δ, steel containing 0.42% Si More

Fig. 13 Coating weight as a function of galvanizing bath iron content for three steels with varying silicon contents. Galvanizing time, 3 min at 550 °C (1020 °F). ○, steel containing 0.02% Si; ●, steel containing 0.22% Si; Δ, steel containing 0.42% Si More

Fig. 2 Plot of manganese phosphate coating weight vs. time of exposure of steel surface to phosphating solution More

Fig. 4 Effect of anodizing time on weight of anodic coating. Data were derived from aluminum-alloy automotive trim anodized in 15% sulfuric acid solutions at 20 and 25 °C (68 and 77 °F) and at 1.2 A/dm 2 (12 A/ft 2 ). More

Fig. 7 Effect of anodizing time on weight of hard and conventional anodic coatings. The hard anodizing solution contained (by weight) 12% H 2 SO 4 and 1% H 2 C 2 O 4 and was operated at 10 °C (50 °F) and 3.6 A/dm 2 (36 A/ft 2 ). The conventional anodizing solution contained 1% (by weight) H More

Fig. 13 Weight of conversion coating as a function of immersion time. See Table 5 . More

Fig. 16 Weight gain for 1 h at 982 °C (1800 °F) in air for (a) uncoated alloy, (b) sputtered yttria, (c) boron oxide from solution, (d) sodium aluminum borophosphate from solution, (e) calcium phosphate from solution, (f) calcium aluminate from solution, (g) calcium aluminophosphate from More

Fig. 3 Service lives of various zinc coatings according to the weight of the zinc present. Results are for exposure in a very aggressive industrial atmosphere. 1, electrodeposited; 2, electrodeposited (passivated with chromate solution); 3, hot-dip galvanized; 4, sprayed. Source: Ref 16 More

Fig. 81 Effect of molecular weight (MW) and viscosity of petroleum oil basestock on cooling curve behavior. Source: Ref 210 More

Fig. 22 Material cost ratio as a function of weight reduction potential for various materials compared to mild steel as the base. Solid line is break-even line for materials cost. More

Fig. 23 Weight savings required to break even when substituting 340 to 550 MPa (50 to 80 ksi) yield strength HSLA steels for mild steel More

Fig. 7 Typical effects of weight and quantity on the cost of magnesium die castings. On a weight basis, the cost of die castings heavier than about 0.15 kg ( 1 3 lb) is fairly constant. For lighter castings, those weighing less than about 0.10 for 0.15 kg (4 or 5 oz), the cost per More

Fig. 22 Lehrer diagram. (a) Weight percentage controls nitriding potential along the isoconcentration lines. (b) Phase controls the potentials parallel to the phase boundaries. Source: Ref 7 , 38 More