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Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 55 (a) Photograph of water-wall tube sample showing fishmouth-type rupture opening. (b) Outer-surface low-magnification view near failure location highlighting corrosion marks on the surface. Original magnification: 12× More
Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 6 Computed tomography image of a rock sample with oil and water. The lighter circular areas at the top and right are areas containing water, while the darker regions at the bottom and left are areas with oil. Courtesy of B.G. Isaacson, Bio-Imaging Research, Inc. More
Image
Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 10 Quenching curves of a nickel sample (d = 16 mm, h = 48 mm). 1, water at 100 °C (212 °F); 2, aqueous solution of 10% NaCl at 101 °C (214 °F). Adapted from Ref 7 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006030
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... hazards soil sampling visible-emission assessment water sampling THE FIRST TWO-THIRDS of this article deals with occupational health hazards related to industrial protective coating application and removal, while the last one-third covers hazards to the environment. Worker Health Hazards...
Book Chapter

By D.L. Donohue, J.A. Carter
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001737
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... Abstract Spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS) is an analytical technique used for determining the concentration of elements in a wide range of solid samples, including metals, semiconductors, ceramics, geological and biological materials, and air and water pollution samples. This article...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... setting should also be performed to guarantee accurate reproduction of color tones and surface textures. The type and extent of on-site sampling depends on the environment and its availability. Piping corrosion in a domestic water service would require water samples from the source (incoming water...
Book Chapter

By Jim Oakes, John Lutz
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005928
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... decarburization. It demonstrates how the carbon potential control is achieved by controlling water vapor concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, or oxygen partial pressure. The article also describes the various devices and analyzers used to monitor sampled gas from furnace atmospheres, namely...
Book Chapter

By April A. Hill
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006635
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... gelatinous precipitate of potassium hexafluorosilicate, slightly soluble in water 3. Ammonia solution Gelatinous precipitate of silica acid Hydrogen peroxide, H 2 O 2 1. Potassium iodide and starch If sample is previously acidified by dilute sulfuric acid, a deep-blue coloration occurs...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009073
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Grinding—Sample Removal The first stage of grinding should be aggressive enough to remove the material quickly and easily but not so aggressive as to induce damage to the sample. In all steps, water (wet grinding) should be used as a lubricant and to displace the removed sample particles. The water...
Book Chapter

By Walter T. Smith, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001745
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... for acids, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, amines, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, peroxides, phenols, water (Karl Fischer method), and alkenes. combustion method elemental composition Karl Fischer method Kjeldahl method organic compounds purity determination sample preparation Schoniger flask...
Book Chapter

By Jose L. Villalobos, Graham Bell
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004104
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... of a wastewater treatment plant or construction of new capital improvement projects, a corrosion survey should be performed at the project site. This survey should include soil resistivity testing, chemical analysis of soil and/or water samples, and inspection of any facilities that may already exist...
Book Chapter

By Tara M. Lovestead
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006659
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
...) closely related components (such as plant pigments or components of fuel). Modern chromatography is used to purify drugs, determine the level of pollutants in water or soil for environmental analyses, compare samples from a crime scene, determine the identity of unknown substances, and for process...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006782
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... also be performed to guarantee accurate reproduction of color tones and surface textures. The type and extent of on-site sampling depends on the environment and its availability. Piping corrosion in a domestic water service would require water samples from the source (incoming water supply...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004143
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... of a solvent. For a boiler, the best sample is a tube cut from the water wall at an area that historically had the heaviest deposit, usually the high heat flux area of the boiler. Deposit samples chipped from the metal may suffice in place of a tube cut if no tube section is available and if all deposit layers...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003670
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... are available, they should be sonicated or scraped into vials of culture medium, serially diluted on site, then incubated in the manner of water samples. In order of priority, samples from industrial systems should be taken from bottoms, metal surfaces, dead ends, and sumps. Sampling should be on a regular...
Book Chapter

By Raymond M. Merrill
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001778
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... resin in the hydrogen form, the sodium ions will be exchanged from hydrogen ions, and water will be formed by: (Eq 3) Resin − H + + Na + OH − →           Resin − Na + + H 2 O Concurrently, sample anions (A − ) passing through the suppresser column...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001729
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... droplets, and the sample solution is delivered to the plasma at a high rate, providing the potential for lower detectivity. However, greater quantities of water are also delivered to the plasma, having a cooling effect. Therefore, it is necessary to desolvate the aerosol before delivery to the plasma...
Book Chapter

By Gary D. Rayson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006653
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... for the determination of metals ( Ref 3 ). From drinking water samples to complex biological samples, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) has become the workhorse analytical technique for metal-concentration determination ( Ref 4 , 5 ). While the procedures have evolved to meet ever-changing analytical challenges...
Image
Published: 01 January 1994
No. Type Composition Operating temperature Cycle time, min °C °F 1 Acid pickle H 2 SO 4 , 25 wt% 71 160 2 2 Cold rinse Water (a) RT RT 1 1 4 3 Alkaline rinse NaNO 2 , 2.4 g/L (2.0 × 10 −2 lb/gal) (b) 66 150 1 1 4 4 Alkaline cleaner Alkali, 0.7 g More
Book Chapter

By G. Dana Brabson
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001731
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... ammonium hydroxide to the sample changes the color from a pale sky blue to a rich deep blue. In essence, an ammonia molecule replaces each of the water molecules in the Cu ( H 2 O ) 4 2 + complex ion; the result is the tetra-amminecopper(II) ion Cu ( NH 3 ) 4...