Fig. 37 Flaking of oxide scale during water quenching of S45C carbon steel. Water temperature is 30 °C (85 °F). Test specimen is a solid cylinder 10 mm (0.4 in.) in diameter by 30 mm (1.2 in.) in length. (a) Light oxide coating after heating for 3 min at 860 °C (1580 °F) in air in argon gas More

Fig. 1 Temperature-controlled overflow tank used for water-quenching applications. Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 10 Percentage of retained austenite after air cooling or water quenching followed by plastic straining. Source: Ref 11 More

Fig. 36 Unstable cooling due to surface oxidation during water quenching of S45C carbon steel. Water temperature is 30 °C (85 °F). Test specimen is a solid cylinder 10 mm (0.4 in.) in diameter by 30 mm (1.2 in.) in length. More

Fig. 40 Effect of mass and section size on cooling curves in water quenching More

Fig. 10 Heat-transfer coefficients of water quenching at 25 °C (75 °F) dependent on surface temperature More

Fig. 1 Temperature-controlled overflow tank used for water quenching applications. Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 2 Cost and hardenability relations for oil-quenched (a) and water-quenched (b) steels for cold-formed fasteners Steel Cost, U.S. dollars/ton (a) Largest size to quench to 42 HRC in center Oil Water mm in. mm in. 1038 500 3.8 0.15 1.5 0.6 10B21 520 5 More

Fig. 19 Micrograph of water-quenched Ni-Cr-Mo steel specimens. (a) Typical quench crack in AISI 4340 steel. (b) Electroless plated steel after quenching. Source: Ref 51 More

Fig. 12 Schematic representation of the hardening of oil-quenched and water-quenched bars of various diameters. The cross-hatched areas represent the unhardened core. Source: Ref 3 More

Fig. 20 Fe-0.2C alloy in the (a) water-quenched condition, followed by tempering at 690 °C (1275 °F) for (b) 1.5 × 10 3 s, (c) 1.03 × 10 4 s, and (d) 6.05 × 10 5 s. Source Ref 18 . Reprinted with permission More

Fig. 21 Fe-1.2C alloy in the (a) water-quenched condition, followed by tempering at 690° C (1275 °F) for (b) 1.5 × 10 3 s, (c) 1.03 × 10 4 s, and (d) 6.05 × 10 5 s. Source Ref 18 . Reprinted with permission More

Fig. 22 Section size effects on water-quenched and tempered wrought AISI 8630 steel in sizes over 25 mm (1 in.). The properties reported are those at the ¼ T location (midway between surface and center). More

Fig. 16 Mechanical properties of water-quenched cast 8630 steel More

Fig. 24 Variation in H -value with half-temperature in rounds (a) water quenched and (b) oil quenched from 845 °C (1550 °F). Source: Ref 23 More

Fig. 26 Equivalent Jominy positions with round bars water quenched from 845 °C (1550 °F). (a) 95% martensite. (b) 80% martensite. (c) 50% martensite. Source: Ref 23 More

Fig. 1 Age hardening of lead-antimony alloys, solidified and water quenched More

Fig. 3 Age hardening of Pb-Sb-As alloys, solidified and water quenched More

Fig. 24 Track shoe of water-quenched SAE 1037 that distorted up to 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) due to the lightening groove. Redesign to remove grooves, which improved the uniformity of section, reduced distortion to 0.075 mm (0.003 in.) maximum. More

Fig. 2 Hardenable diameter (90% martensite at center as water-quenched) of Fe-0.5 Mn alloys with and without boron as a function of carbon content. Source: Ref 9 . Reprinted with permission of the Association for Iron & Steel Technology (AIST) More