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water as a quenchant

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Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 13 Cooling curves and temperature difference across a 76.2 mm (3 in.) diameter 7075 alloy probe with quenchant flow of 0.25 m/s (50 ft/min). (a) Water quenchant at 60 and 32 °C (140 and 90 °F). (b) Water quenchant and 25% PQ90 quenchant at 32 °C (90 °F). Source: Ref 15 More
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Published: 30 November 2018
Fig. 6 Cooling curves and temperature difference across a 76.2 mm (3 in.) diameter 7075 alloy probe with quenchant flow of 0.25 m/s (50 ft/min). (a) Water quenchant a 60 and 32 °C (140 and 90 °F). (b) Water quenchant and 25% PQ90 quenchant at 32 °C (90 °F). Source: Ref 5 More
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 21 Effect of agitation on the through-hardening of SNCM 21 steel using oil and water quenchants. (a) Cooling rate at 550 °C (1020 °F) for water. (b) Cooling rate at 550 °C (1020 °F) for oil. (c) Hardness profile for water. (d) Hardness profile for oil More
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 23 Fully automated single-part processing IQ-3 system equipped with a controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace, pick-and-place device part transfer automation, and a water quenchant chiller More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006506
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
.... It discusses the quenchants that are used in quenching aluminum alloys, namely, hot or cold water and polyalkylene glycol. The article also describes the racking practices for controlling distortion and the level of residual stresses induced during the quench. aluminum alloys distortion solution heat...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005932
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract This article describes various quenchants, namely, water and inorganic salt solutions, polymers (polyvinyl alcohol, polyalkylene glycol, polyethyl oxazoline, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and sodium polyacrylates), quench oils, and molten salts, which are used for heat treatment of ferrous...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007000
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... was a 10% solution of “as-received” PAG quenchant concentrate diluted with ion exchanged water. The properties of the quenchant are provided in Table 1 . When the quenching medium was heated to 30 °C (86 °F), propeller rotation was initiated at rotation speeds of 400 and 800 rpm. Property of the heat...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006260
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... be controlled by proper racking. It concludes with information on agitation and the quench tank system used in the quenching of aluminum alloys. agitation system aluminum alloys cooling rate immersion water quenching polyalkylene glycol polymer quenchants quench sensitivity quench severity quench...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005862
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... hardening polymer quenching quenchants quenching quenching oils residual stress spray quenching steel water quenching INDUCTION HEATING for the hardening of steels has advantages from standpoint of quenching, because parts are individually processed in a controlled manner. This permits...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005816
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... by the impingement of a quenchant medium on a hot metal surface. Some of these processes have obvious differences, while others are similar and differ only in degree. Examples include the addition of droplets of water (or other volatile liquids) to a gas quenching stream in fog quenching ( Ref 1 ); quenching...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007010
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... processing using high-velocity water flow IQ units. This article presents a detailed description of IQ technology, related equipment, and IQ applications. A review of intensive quench system design and processing is provided, including numerical design criteria, steel selection, quenchants, properties...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005923
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... of similar shape from a continuous hardening furnace. Parts fall from the furnace belt through the quenchant and onto a conveyor belt that transports them from the quenching tank. Quenchant may be water or oil. Source: Ref 2 Additional controls of the quenching operation are required for mass...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007006
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... that transports them from the quenching tank. Quenchant may be water or oil. Source: Ref 2 Additional controls of the quenching operation are required for mass production of parts through a continuous carburizer. Plants involved in heat treating rear and front axle assemblies, gears, stem pinions...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007014
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... Abstract This article presents a detailed discussion on the characteristics, types, properties, quenchants, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of various types of quenching: air quenching, water quenching, rinse quenching, time quenching, press quenching, delayed quenching, fluidized...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.9781627081665
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007003
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... anecdotally, about quenching selection and practice from prior to 800 A.D. to ~1500 A.D. ( Ref 1 ). Although cold water was a common quenchant, it reportedly caused brittle steel problems. However, it was reported that these problems could be solved by mixing water and various animal and plant materials...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005824
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... quenchants polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl pyrrolidone quenching steel QUENCHING OF STEEL is the rapid cooling of steel from a suitable elevated temperature. This generally is accomplished by immersion of the hot steel into a vaporizable fluid such as water; petroleum, vegetable, or animal oil; aqueous...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.9781627084505
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005924
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
.... coil characterization coil selection cooling water induction coils induction heat treating induction power supplies work-handling equipment INDUCTION HEATING has many different applications, such as melting, heating stock for forging, and heat treating. Surface hardening of steel is the most...
Book Chapter

By J.R. Keough
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... of salt quenching including considerations of time, temperature, environment, and safety, as well as critical characteristics such as the composition of the quenchant, agitation, and water additions. chemical analysis environmental safety salt quenching THE USE OF MOLTEN SALTS...