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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006040
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... Abstract This article presents information regarding the use of protective coatings in municipal potable water systems, including raw water collection and transmission, water treatment plants, and treated water distribution. It provides useful guidance for the selection and use of protective...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004101
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article focuses on the internal corrosion of iron and copper in potable water. It tabulates the corrosion and water-quality problems caused by materials in contact with drinking water. The article provides a theoretical description of the reduction-oxidation reactions in water...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004102
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article describes the corrosion mechanisms, challenges, and control methods in service water distribution systems. It provides a discussion on typical designs and water qualities for distribution systems used in fossil-fueled and nuclear power plants. The article also explains...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004132
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is an effective process for the destruction of military and industrial wastes including wastewater sludge. This article discusses the unique properties of supercritical water and lists the main technological advantages of SCWO. For many waste...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004133
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article describes the control of water chemistry in the steam cycle of a power plant for achieving corrosion control, deposition prevention, and higher cycle efficiency. It discusses the materials requirements of the components exposed to supercritical water in supercritical (SC...
Book Chapter

By Phillip Daniel
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004154
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article briefly describes water and steam chemistry, which influence the effect of corrosion in boilers. The appropriate control measures to prevent corrosion in boilers are also presented. The article provides a discussion on the common causes of fluid-side corrosion such as flow...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004103
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract Materials of construction for equipment and piping in pharmaceutical processing plants must be resistant to corrosion from the high-purity water, the buffer solutions used in preparation of the products, and the cleaning solutions used to maintain the purity of the product. The primary...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004145
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article focuses on the environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) of structural materials in boiling water reactors (BWRs), reactor pressure vessels, core internals, and ancillary piping. It discusses the effects of water chemistry on materials degradation, mitigation approaches...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004146
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article discusses the main materials and water chemistry characteristics of the primary and secondary water circuits of a pressurized water reactor (PWR). It reviews the corrosion issues of PWR materials and the influence of corrosion and fouling on primary and secondary circuit...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004147
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article examines the understanding of persistent material changes produced in stainless alloys during light water reactor (LWR) irradiation based on the fundamentals of radiation damage and existing experimental measurements. It summarizes the overall trends and correlations...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004148
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract The components used in light water reactors (LWR) often remain in contact with the primary coolant, whose typical temperatures and pressures are highly aggressive, therefore, initiating corrosion in most of the alloys. This article describes the corrosion behavior of zirconium alloys...
Book Chapter

By Fred R. Specht
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005851
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... Abstract Cooling towers are designed to remove heat from water in an induction system and dissipate it into the atmosphere. This article provides information on closed-loop recirculating water systems of an induction system to cool the power supply. It focuses on various types of cooling towers...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005972
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... discussed include water-hardening tool steels, shock-resisting tool steels, oil hardening cold-work tool steels, low-alloy special-purpose tool steels, and carbon-tungsten special-purpose tool steels. carbon-tungsten special-purpose tool steel cold work tool steel heat treatment oil hardening cold...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003650
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
.... The ASTM International and NACE International standards that are directly or indirectly applicable to simulated service corrosion testing in water are tabulated. The article also describes the effects of variable concentrations of dissolved carbonates, such as calcium, magnesium, and/or sodium, in water...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003701
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract The corrosion process that occurs in industrial systems is often difficult to discern until extensive deterioration has occurred. For boilers to function properly, the incoming water must be processed to meet the water quality required for the boiler. This article discusses...
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 37 Flaking of oxide scale during water quenching of S45C carbon steel. Water temperature is 30 °C (85 °F). Test specimen is a solid cylinder 10 mm (0.4 in.) in diameter by 30 mm (1.2 in.) in length. (a) Light oxide coating after heating for 3 min at 860 °C (1580 °F) in air in argon gas More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 93 Volumetric expansion of 1 mL of liquid water into 1700 mL of water vapor. This figure illustrates how small quantities of water contaminants may produce potentially very hazardous foaming in an oil quench system. Courtesy of H. Beitz, Petrofer Chemie, Hildesheim, Germany More
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Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 2 Calcium-clogged water paths due to high-conductivity water More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 3 Examples of atomized powders. (a) Water-atomized copper. (b) Water-atomized iron, apparent density 2.9 g/cm 3 . (c) Air-atomized aluminum. (d) Helium-atomized aluminum. (e) Nitrogen-atomized high-speed steel. (f) Vacuum-atomized IN-100 superalloy. (g) Plasma rotating electrode process More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 4 Water atomization system. (a) Large-scale (1000 to 100,000 tons/year) water atomizing system. (b) Key variables in the various stages of the water atomization process More