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Published: 30 November 2018
Fig. 6 Effect of typical warm forming temperatures on strain-hardening exponent of various aluminum alloys. Source: Ref 4 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005893
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
...; and Class 600, ammonia base. These are subclassified and numerically designated to indicate variations in the method by which they are prepared. The article also contains a table that lists significant furnace atmospheres and typical applications. heating modes hot forming induction heating...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... used in the forming. It also analyzes the various forming processes of aluminum alloys. The processes include blanking and piercing, bending, press-brake forming, contour roll forming, deep drawing, spinning, stretch forming, rubber-pad forming, warm forming, superplastic forming, explosive forming...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006527
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
..., and kinematic incremental sheet forming. The article concludes with a discussion on spinning, warm forming, and superplastic forming. aluminum alloys bendability compression bending deep drawing formability forming hydroforming roll bending sheet forming spinning ALUMINUM and its alloys...
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 44 Heated die system for warm stamping of aluminum alloys. (a) Schematic diagram of warm forming dies. (b) Schematic of formed sheet part. (c) Chrysler Neon door inner panel successfully formed at 350 °C (660 °F) using aluminum 5182 plus manganese sheet More
Image
Published: 30 November 2018
Fig. 18 Heated die system for warm stamping of aluminum alloys. (a) Schematic diagram of warm forming dies. (b) Schematic of formed sheet part. (c) Chrysler Neon door inner panel successfully formed at 350 °C (660 °F) using aluminum alloy 5182 plus manganese sheet. Source: Ref 7 More
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 46 The quick plastic forming (QPF) process can be run with integrally heated dies as for warm forming applications. More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005884
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
..., and copper alloys. aluminum alloys carbon steel copper alloys hot forging microalloyed steel stainless steel superalloys titanium alloys warm forming The warm and hot working of metals provides the ability to shape these important materials into component shapes that are useful...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005100
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... led to a boom in the sheet-metal rolling and forming industries, first for steel and then for aluminum. More recently, warm and superplastic forming techniques for aluminum and magnesium sheet alloys have been developed and implemented in the automotive and other industries. Furthermore...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005885
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... heating microstructure warm forming A DETAILED DESCRIPTION of the steels used in forging and other warm and hot working processes is provided in ASM Handbook , Volume 14A, Metalworking— Bulk Forming . This article focuses on the specific features of steels that are pertinent to heating...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004032
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
.... Applications Applications of interest include warm extrusion and forging, hot forging of steel, hot forging of aluminum, isothermal and hot die forging, and extrusion of steel. Lubrication in Warm Extrusion and Forging <xref rid="a0004032-ref37" ref-type="bibr">(Ref 37)</xref> Warm forming covers...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006518
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract This article introduces the basic characteristics, processes, and product forms associated with the five major categories of aluminum wrought products, namely, flat-rolled products (sheet, plate, and foil); rod, bar, and wire; tubular products; profiles; and forgings. It summarizes...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004004
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... materials selection nut formers parts formers process sequence design punches reverse forming size drawing surface finish tolerance transfer headers upset diameter ratio upset length ratio upset strain warm heading workability COLD HEADING is a forming process of increasing the cross...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005139
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
..., a resolution-hardening heat treatment is required to return the alloys to maximum corrosion resistance. The forming of higher-carbon martensitic alloys is normally restricted to blanking, piercing, and mild bending. These steels are sometimes formed warm. Warm forming can also be used to advantage with other...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003809
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... foaming is preferable to stamping. In cases where hard finishes in conjunction with tight radii (high flexibility) are required, prepainted strip can be warm formed. In warm forming, the paint is heated to or above its glass transition temperature range. At these temperatures, the paint is softer and more...
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 48 Aft closure, for a guided missile, that was superplastically formed at 815 °C (1500 °F) from a 1.6% C ultrahigh-carbon steel. The processing procedure consisted of warm pressing (800 °C, or 1470 °F) liquid-atomized powders into a billet and forging the resulting billet into plate More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005147
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
...-temperature superplasticity or warm forming of sheet is gaining a great deal of attention for its potential for rapid forming at slightly elevated temperatures. Grain refinement to ultrafine grain sizes (&lt;2 to 3 μm, or 80 to 120 μin.) is becoming more commonplace to permit high ductility. This is currently...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003990
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... Abstract Radial forging is a hot- or cold-forming process that uses two or more radially moving anvils or dies to produce solid or tubular components with constant or varying cross sections along their lengths. This article focuses on the workpiece configuration, workpiece materials, machines...
Image
Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 18 Fatigue crack growth rates for Type 301 stainless steel in the annealed and warm worked conditions, in air and argon environments, and at temperatures from −30 to +95 °C (−22 to +203 °F). These results were obtained on compact specimens 7 mm (0.28 in.) thick at a cyclic frequency of 20 More
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 9 Nucleation of grain-boundary voids (cavitation) and triple-point cracks at warm and hot working temperatures. (a) Schematic illustration showing how grain-boundary voids are formed under the action of matrix deformation and how grain-boundary sliding in the absence of grain-boundary More