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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 4 Schematic showing the steps of the countergravity pressure vacuum process. (a) Metal is melted in a vacuum chamber, and a hot mold is introduced into an isolated casting chamber. The mold fill pipe protrudes from the bottom of the support plate. The mold chamber is then sealed More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 6 Schematic showing the loose sand vacuum process. (a) Several molds, produced using any of the bonded sand technologies, are placed atop a sheet of aluminum foil and protrude slightly below an open bottom tube, with the mold fill runners facing downward. (b) The region between More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005955
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... levels, resistance heating elements, quenching systems, work load support, pumping systems, and temperature control systems. It describes the classification of instruments used for measuring and recording pressure inside a vacuum processing chamber. Common devices include hydrostatic measuring devices...
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 7 Vacuum systems for the low-pressure carburizing process. (a) Treatment chamber as part of a multichamber system. (b) View into a single-chamber furnace More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 7 Vacuum induction refining process More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 14 (a) Melting and (b) stirring modes of the vacuum induction melting process More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 7 Process control parameters and set point functions in vacuum arc remelting More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 17 Examples of vacuum-sintered parts manufactured by the FULDENS process. Note the complexity of shapes attainable by this process. (a) Using cold isostatic pressing. (b) Using mechanical pressing More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 6 Vacuum induction refining process More
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Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 3 Vacuum bag molding techniques. (a) Wipe-out process for wet lay-ups. (b) Seal-off method for prepreg lay-ups More
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Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 15 Face plates, vacuum plates, and shaping plates of a hollow profile process More
Book Chapter

By Paul Mikkola, Gary Scholl
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005265
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... vacuum process, countergravity low-pressure inert atmosphere process, countergravity pressure vacuum process, supported shell technique, loose sand vacuum process, and countergravity centrifugal casting process. countergravity centrifugal casting low-pressure countergravity casting mold filling...
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Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 2 Physical and chemical processes at the film-vacuum interface during ion-beam-assisted deposition and dual-ion-beam sputtering More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 6 Potential processing routes for products cast from vacuum induction melting (VIM) ingots or electrodes. VAR, vacuum are remelting; ESR, electroslag remelting; EB, electron beam; HIP, hot isostatic pressing. Source: Ref 1 More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 32 Effect of vacuum induction degassing (VID) processing on the (a) hydrogen, (b) nitrogen, and (c) total oxygen contents of X 38 CrMoV 51 die steel (Fe-0.38C-1.0Si- 0.40Mn-5.2Cr-1.3Mo-0.40V) More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005510
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... Abstract This article provides an overview of the studies on computational modeling of the vacuum arc remelting (VAR) and electroslag remelting (ESR) processes. These models involve the axisymmetric analysis of the electromagnetic, flow, heat-transfer, and phase-change phenomena to predict...
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 12 Processes for secondary steelmaking. Stirring process: (a) bottom injection and (b) lance injection. Injection processes: (c) powder injection and (d) wire feeding. Vacuum processes: (e) stream degassing, (f ) Ruhrstahl-Heraeus degassing, and (g) Dortmund-Horder-Huttenunion degassing More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 2 Schematic showing the steps of the countergravity low-pressure vacuum process. (a) Metal is melted in a vacuum chamber that is then flooded with argon. (b) A preheated mold is introduced into a separate upper chamber that is evacuated and then flooded with an equal pressure of argon More
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 10 Processes for secondary steelmaking. Stirring process: (a) bottom injection and (b) lance injection. Injection processes: (c) powder injection and (d) wire feeding. Vacuum processes: (e) stream degassing, (f) R-H degassing, and (g) D-H degassing. Heating processes: (h) VOD process, (i More
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Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 13 Schematic showing cross section of components of a conventional color television tube. The glass envelope consists of a funnel section, a faceplate section, and a neck section. The tubulation is used to evacuate the tube and is removed after vacuum processing. More