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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 9 Abrasive blast cleaned substrate. Note under-film corrosion. Courtesy of KTA-Tator, Inc. More
Book Chapter

By D.L. Jordan, J.L. Tardiff
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004162
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article discusses the commonly encountered forms of automotive body corrosion. The corrosion forms include general or uniform corrosion, cosmetic or under-film corrosion, galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, poultice or under-deposit corrosion, and pitting corrosion. Corrosion...
Book Chapter

By Jerome Kruger
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003585
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
..., this is not always the case. For example, iron can passivate in sulfuric acid solutions under conditions where the diagrams would predict corrosion and, hence, an active condition, but the rate of passive-film dissolution is so extremely slow that the film is metastable and thereby prevents metal dissolution...
Book Chapter

By Iwao Iwasaki
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003629
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
..., but also on the minerals that come in contact with them. Collisions of mineral particles cause erosion of the surface and removal of corrosion resistant films, resulting in accelerated corrosion. Synergistic effects between erosion and corrosion have been extensively studied, leading to the formulation...
Book Chapter

By J.D. Poindexter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003700
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... the rate of corrosion under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5–7). In other units, such as the main fractionator overhead of a FCCU, a filmer is often used to minimize corrosion under slightly alkaline conditions. Filming inhibitors promote an “oil-wet” metal surface to provide the metal with a barrier from...
Book Chapter

By Stephen C. Dexter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003637
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... at the metal surface. Thus, the value of a given parameter at the metal-water interface within the biofilm may be quite different from that in the bulk electrolyte away from the interface. The result can be the initiation of corrosion under conditions in which there would be none in the absence of the film...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003710
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... under a variety of environmental conditions. However, unraveling corrosion mechanisms is not always a straightforward process. An understanding of the mechanistic details requires conducting experiments under simulated and controlled laboratory conditions. Ideally, it requires real time monitoring...
Book Chapter

By Harry D. Ferrier, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001276
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... (b) Corrosion-preventive compound, solvent cutback, cold application Hard, dark film about 50 to 100 μm (2 to 4 mils) thick; solvent cutback; dries to touch in 4 h (b) On metals under outdoor conditions; general-purpose preservation, indoor or outdoor, with or without cover; domestic or overseas...
Book Chapter

By D.W. Shoesmith
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003583
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... and can be divided into a number of regions. In region AB, the active region, metal dissolution is unimpeded, because no passive film is present. Because such polarization curves are usually recorded under activation control conditions, local supersaturation leading to the deposition of corrosion products...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003823
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... Abstract This article provides a description of the classification, industrial applications, microstructures, physical, chemical, corrosion, and mechanical properties of zirconium and its alloys. It discusses the formation of oxide films and the effects of water, temperature, and pH...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004207
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... environments. However, this alloy has demonstrated pitting and crevice corrosion under in vivo conditions, as is discussed later. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy also shows no pitting in this test in the potential range tested and shows negative hysteresis, indicating that the oxide film is enhanced by the increasing...
Book Chapter

By G.S. Frankel
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003612
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... dissolution following breakdown of an otherwise protective passive film is the most common and technologically important type of pitting corrosion, pits can form under other conditions as well. For instance, pitting can occur during active dissolution if certain regions of the sample are more susceptible...
Book Chapter

By Andrew W. Batchelor
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006415
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... resistance due to the presence of a thin surface oxide film (passive film) formed by reaction with the corrosive environment ( Ref 7 , 8 ). However, the manner in which oxides influence wear rates is complicated depending on load conditions and chemistry ( Ref 9 ). Wear is accelerated by corrosion because...
Book Chapter

By D.Y. Li
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006794
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... delamination and removal by wear. Corrosion enhances the wear attack. Wear of railway steel under repeated rolling contact suffers from such wear attack involving wear, fatigue, and corrosion. Perhaps the most encountered type of fatigue wear corrosion is fretting wear in a corrosive environment, termed...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004204
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... describes the three primary causes of failure in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals: embedded iron, failures of glass linings, and corrosion under thermal insulation. fluoropolymers graphite nickel nickel alloys stainless steel thermal insulation titanium zirconium glass-lined steel...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006059
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... flow greatly liberates H 2 S gas into equalization tank headspaces, corrosion rates for concrete and unprotected ferrous metals and aluminum alloys can be high. Under these conditions, certain blended amine-cured epoxy coating systems have performed very well for headspace corrosion protection...
Book Chapter

By P.S. Pao
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002361
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... load. In many engineering alloy/environment systems, because the fatigue process can efficiently rupture the protective surface oxide films and facilitate access to corrosive environments and produce new metal surfaces, threshold stress intensities for cracking to occur are often lower under corrosion...
Book Chapter

By Joseph T. Menke
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004126
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... finishes on aluminum convert the aluminum metal to a thicker aluminum oxide film (relative to the “natural” or air-formed film). As shown in Fig. 2 , aluminum oxide is a cathode with respect to aluminum, so pitting corrosion occurs at defects in the coating. Not sealing the hardcoat improves the wear...
Book Chapter

By Stephen C. Dexter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004105
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
...: Ref 9 Sulfide films are well known to form on copper alloys in polluted waters. These films can be very harmful. Under most conditions, the sulfide film is itself cathodic to the bare copper alloy surface. This makes the film effective in accelerating pitting corrosion at any break in the film...
Book Chapter

By Philippe Marcus
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003577
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract This article provides a summary of the concepts discussed in the articles under the Section “Fundamentals of Corrosion” in ASM Handbook, Volume 13A: Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection. In this section, the thermodynamic aspects of corrosion are descried first followed...