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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005534
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... the factors to be considered when selecting a procedure for propagating uncertainty. The article lists the categories of the popular types of uncertainty propagation methods, including simulation-based methods, local expansion methods, and numerical integration-based methods. design of experiments...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006803
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... definitions, how uncertainty is quantified, and input for the associated random variables, as well as the characterization of the response uncertainty. Next, it focuses on specific and generic uncertainty propagation techniques: first- and second-order reliability methods, the response surface method...
Book Chapter

By Thomas J. Bruno
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006634
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... and subsequently analyzing the uncertainty from both the calibration process and the measurement process. This article briefly summarizes the most common calibration and uncertainty analysis methods, namely external standard methods, abbreviated external standard methods, internal normalization, internal standard...
Book Chapter

By H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, H.J. Stone
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005416
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... in modeling noise and uncertainties in conducting experiments. The article also presents examples of the application of neural-network modeling to the behavior of metals. neural network modeling modeling noise overfitting uncertainty EMPIRICAL METHODS are regarded as less desirable than those...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006463
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
..., the mathematical methods to obtain a POD curve, and techniques to assess uncertainty in the POD curve as it is obtained from a limited data set. The concept of model-assisted POD (MAPOD) is introduced, with additional details and representative examples of MAPOD. process modeling non-destructive evaluation...
Book Chapter

By Michael Sprayberry, Michael Kirka, Vincent Paquit
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006994
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... of the manufactured components ( Ref 1 ). Various uncertainty sources exist in AM processes and cause variability in the localized component quality and microstructure through uncertainty propagation and aggregation. This uncertainty hinders the repetitive manufacturing of products with consistent quality. Therefore...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002367
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Systems The design stresses that an engineer must adopt are as much controlled by the scatter in the fatigue data as by the mean value of strength for a certain design life. Thus, the uncertainty (scatter) in weldment fatigue life is as or more important than the mean value. This scatter has two...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006638
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... spectrometry for electron probe microanalysis. Key concepts for performing qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis by electron-excited X-ray spectrometry are then presented. Several sources that lead to measurement uncertainties in the k-ratio/matrix corrections protocol are provided, along...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003305
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... conditions ( Ref 14 ). Thus, J can be computed using numerical methods by analyzing loads and displacements along a contour away from the crack tip, that is, in a region where the analysis methods are quite accurate. This eliminates the uncertainties of the crack-tip region—a problem that seriously limits...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001477
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... are relatively blunt. In comparison, structures can contain much sharper cracks, such as fatigue cracks. Increasing the notch acuity in a Charpy specimen would cause the transition curve to shift to a higher temperature. Fracture comprises two phases: initiation and propagation. Initiation is defined...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003312
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... and a min are the maximum and minimum precrack lengths, respectively. The inclination of the propagation direction on the bottom surface and both sides of the specimen is ≤10°. The precrack length is between 1.2 and 2.4 mm (0.05 and 0.09 in.). The fracture toughness by the SEPB method...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003514
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... in predicting the system reliability of structural and mechanical systems and also in time-variant reliability. These problems are more challenging, and efficient robust solution methods are still being developed. Uncertainties in Structural Parameters Uncertainty in a structural parameter is observed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006921
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... information on the common aging mechanisms of polymeric materials and the common accelerated testing methods used to obtain relevant data that are used with the prediction models that enable service life assessment. Beginning with a discussion of what constitutes a product failure, this article then reviews...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006758
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... optimal areas upon which to focus for sectioning and metallography in order to further investigate the condition of the component. This article provides information on the inspection method available for failure analysis, including standard methods such as visual testing, penetrant testing, and magnetic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002371
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... to some extent both crack initiation and propagation to the degree that each is affected by surface treatment and modifications. Fabrication and subsequent processing procedures relying on thermal, thermal-mechanical, and mechanical processes applied to the base material are addressed, and other methods...
Book Chapter

By Richard C. Rice
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002431
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... the basic statistical procedures that can be used to address variability and uncertainty in an engineering analysis. It contains a table that lists the relevant statistics standards published by the American Society of Testing and Materials. data-regression dscrete distributions goodness-of-fit test...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002444
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... to the CFD techniques for their solution. It introduces discretization techniques that are used by finite-difference, finite-volume, finite-element, spectral, and some particle methods. Associated concepts of numerical stability and accuracy are also reviewed. The article describes two approaches for grid...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006910
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... fracture) or even large plastic deformations (post-yield fracture), several fracture-related concepts and methods were developed for the evaluation of crack propagation behavior. One of the most frequently used methodologies in the testing of ductile polymers is the J -integral method, which can be seen...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005426
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
...-difference equation at grid point i . All explicit methods, if they are stable, are subject to Courant conditions to ensure their numerical stability. Intuitively, this condition arises because when using an explicit method, information can only propagate at a speed proportional to Δ x /Δ t . In order...
Book Chapter

By S. Shanmugham, P.K. Liaw
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002363
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... emission techniques, ultrasonic methods, eddy current techniques, infrared techniques, exoelectron methods, and gamma radiography. The article explains the microscopy methods used to determine fatigue crack initiation and propagation. These include electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic...