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ultrasonic inspection
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006470
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
...Abstract Abstract Ultrasonic inspection is a family of nondestructive methods in which beams of high-frequency mechanical waves are introduced into materials, using transducers, for the detection and characterization of both surface and subsurface anomalies and flaws in the material...
Abstract
Ultrasonic inspection is a family of nondestructive methods in which beams of high-frequency mechanical waves are introduced into materials, using transducers, for the detection and characterization of both surface and subsurface anomalies and flaws in the material. This article describes the basic equipment in ultrasonic inspection systems, and lists the advantages and disadvantages of these systems. It discusses the applications of ultrasonic inspection and also the general characteristics of ultrasonic waves in terms of wave propagation, longitudinal waves, transverse waves, surface waves, and lamb waves. The article reviews the major variables in ultrasonic inspection, including frequency, acoustic impedance, angle of incidence, and beam intensity. It discusses the attenuation of ultrasonic beams and provides information on the pulse-echo and transmission methods for implementing ultrasonic inspection.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003236
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
...Abstract Abstract Ultrasonic inspection is a nondestructive method in which beams of high-frequency acoustic energy are introduced into a material to detect surface and subsurface flaws, to measure the thickness of the material, and to measure the distance to a flaw. This article provides...
Abstract
Ultrasonic inspection is a nondestructive method in which beams of high-frequency acoustic energy are introduced into a material to detect surface and subsurface flaws, to measure the thickness of the material, and to measure the distance to a flaw. This article provides a detailed account of ultrasonic flaw detectors, including ultrasonic transducers and types of search units and couplants. The article describes pulse-echo and transmission inspection methods and data interpretation. The general characteristics of ultrasonic waves and the factors influencing ultrasonic inspection are also addressed. The article concludes with a review of the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonic inspection compared with other methods applications of the technique.
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 2 Sectional views of five types of search units used in ultrasonic inspection. (a) Straight-beam (longitudinal-wave) contact. (b) Angle-beam (shear-wave) contact. (c) Dual-element contact. (d) Delay-tip (stand-off) contact. (e) Immersion
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Published: 01 August 2018
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Published: 01 August 2018
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in Laser-Ultrasonics—Principles and Industrial Applications
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 29 Laser ultrasonic inspection of an automotive suspension frame fillet weld. (a) Laser ultrasonic image combined with optical profilometry of the bead surface. (b) Metallographic image obtained after sectioning the weld with results (superimposed in red and yellow) derived from profilometry
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 6 Standard reference blocks for use in straight-beam ultrasonic inspection. (a) Area-amplitude block. (b) Distance-amplitude block. Dimensions given on figures are in inches. (c) Example of set of cylinders. In most cases, cylinders have the surface opening of the flat-bottomed hole closed
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 7 Two standard reference blocks used in ultrasonic inspection. (a) International Institute of Welding, type 1, block. (b) Miniature angle-beam block. Dimensions given in inches
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9 ASME standard reference plate for use in angle-beam ultrasonic inspection. Dimensions given in inches
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Published: 01 August 2018
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 36 Mechanized setup for the pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection of steel billets using a 250 mm (10 in.) diameter wheel-type search unit and a longitudinal-wave straight beam at 0° angle of incidence
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 43 Ultrasonic inspection of a cold-extruded steel automobile-axle shaft for chevrons and internal splits using a portable inspection unit
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 12 Diagram of arrangements of probes in the ultrasonic inspection of submerged-arc-welded pipe for the detection of (a) longitudinally oriented and (b) transversely oriented discontinuities
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Published: 01 August 2018
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 20 Ultrasonic inspection techniques. (a) Contact pulse echo with a search unit combining a transmitter and receiver. (b) Contact through-transmission. Transmitting search unit on top and receiving search unit on bottom. (c) Immersion pulse echo with search unit (transmitter/receiver
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in Nondestructive Testing of Composites (Polymer- and Metal-Matrix Composites)[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
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in Laser-Ultrasonics—Principles and Industrial Applications
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 23 Inspection around a T-stringer made by the robotic laser ultrasonic inspection system at the NRC. The direction of the generation and detection laser beams is given by the robot. (a) Picture of the panel with the T stringer. (b) C-scan from the side opposite the stringer. (c) Sketch
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006473
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
...Abstract Abstract This article discusses the inspection/reference standards that are absolutely critical for proper application of ultrasonic inspection systems. Many of the standards and specifications for ultrasonic inspection require the use of standard reference blocks. The article lists...
Abstract
This article discusses the inspection/reference standards that are absolutely critical for proper application of ultrasonic inspection systems. Many of the standards and specifications for ultrasonic inspection require the use of standard reference blocks. The article lists the variables that should be considered when selecting standard reference blocks and describes the three types of standard blocks ordinarily used for calibration or reference: area-amplitude blocks, distance-amplitude blocks, and blocks of the type sanctioned by the International Institute of Welding. It reviews the determination of area-amplitude and distance-amplitude curves of a straight-beam pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection system. The article discusses the three principal conventional manual ultrasonic sizing techniques: 6 dB drop technique, maximum-amplitude technique, and 20 dB drop technique. It provides information on the dimension-measurement applications of ultrasonic inspection methods.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... to the inspection of bonded structures, including visual inspection, ultrasonic inspection, X-ray radiography, and neutron radiography. The evaluation and correlation of inspection results are also discussed. The article concludes with information on the effects of ultrasonic wave interference in the ultrasonic...
Abstract
Adhesive-bonded joints are extensively used in aircraft components and assemblies where structural integrity is critical. This article addresses the problem of how to inspect bonded assemblies so that all discrepancies are identified. It describes several inspection techniques and presents drawbacks and limitations of these techniques. Generic flaw types and flaw-producing mechanisms are listed in a table. The article discusses metal-to-metal defects, adherend defects, honeycomb sandwich defects, repair defects, and in-service defects. It reviews the methods applicable to the inspection of bonded structures, including visual inspection, ultrasonic inspection, X-ray radiography, and neutron radiography. The evaluation and correlation of inspection results are also discussed. The article concludes with information on the effects of ultrasonic wave interference in the ultrasonic inspection of adhesive-bonded joints.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006469
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
...Abstract Abstract This article considers the two primary methods used for ultrasonic inspection: pulse-echo and the transmission methods. Pulse-echo inspection can be accomplished with longitudinal, shear, surface (Rayleigh), or Lamb (plate) waves using a diverse range of transducers...
Abstract
This article considers the two primary methods used for ultrasonic inspection: pulse-echo and the transmission methods. Pulse-echo inspection can be accomplished with longitudinal, shear, surface (Rayleigh), or Lamb (plate) waves using a diverse range of transducers. The article discusses the principles of each of these inspection methods. It describes the applications and the basic data formats for single-element transducer-based systems, including A-scans, B-scans, and C-scans. The article provides information on electronic equipment used for ultrasonic inspection. It also describes how specific material conditions produce and modify A-scan indications. The article provides information on the controls and their functions for the display unit of the electronic equipment. It describes the techniques used for the identification and characterization of flaws, namely, surface (Rayleigh) wave and ultrasonic polar scan techniques.