Search Results for turning test

This article discusses the factors to be considered in selecting and evaluating machining tests for the purpose of evaluating cutting tool performance and workpiece machinability. It provides a brief description of cutting tool materials, such as high-speed steels, uncoated and coated carbides, cermets, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, and polycrystalline diamond. The article considers the matrices that represent the range of tests performed on candidate cutting tool materials: the workpiece matrix, the property matrix, and the operation matrix. Various machine tests used to evaluate cutting tools, including the impact test, turning test, and facing test, are described. The article lists the factors to be taken into consideration in measuring the machinability of a material. The article presents general recommendations for proper chip groove selection on carbide tools and concludes with information on machining economics.

This article describes the influence of steel chemical compositions and microstructure on machining processes. It discusses the various microstructural phases of standard carbon and alloy steels, which influence machinability. The article reviews the expected response of several traditional machining operations, such as turning, drilling, milling, shaping, thread cutting, and grinding, to the microstructure of standard steel grades. It also explains the technologies in non-traditional machining processes, such as abrasive waterjet cutting, electrical chemical grinding, and laser drilling.

This article provides an overview of the relationships between torque, angle-of-turn, tension, and friction and explains how they are measured and evaluated. It focuses on the principle, test equipment, procedure, evaluation, and test report of various testing methods, namely, friction coefficient testing, torque tension testing, locknut testing, and angular ductility and rotational capacity tests. The article reviews the basic methods and fundamental principles for mechanical testing of externally and internally threaded fasteners and bolted joints. The test methods for externally threaded fasteners include product hardness, proof load, axial and wedge tension testing of full-sized products, tension testing of machined test specimens, and total extension at fracture testing. Product hardness, proof load, and cone proof-load test are the test methods for internally threaded fasteners. The article concludes with a description of torque-angle signature analysis and the specification of measurement accuracy for torque and clamp force.

This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, processing effects on physical and mechanical properties, and application characteristics of Al-Si-Cu-Mg hypereutectic casting alloys 390.0, A390.0, and B390.0. Tool lives for the machining of alloys 380 and 390 are illustrated.

High removal rate (HRR) machining involves the use of extremely rigid, high-power, high-precision machines, such as roll turning lathes, to achieve material removal rates far beyond the capacity of conventional machine tools. This article reviews the machine requirements and cutting parameters of HRR machining. Machine components such as the lathe bed, tailstock, headstock, carriage, and tooling are detailed. The article also discusses the applications of HRR machining.

Machining tribology poses a significant challenge due to the multiple parameters that must be simultaneously considered to arrive at a cost-minimized solution in production. This article provides information required to make informed decisions about machining parameters. It describes the relationships between machining parameters, workpiece material properties, cutting forces, and the corresponding temperature field in the chip. The article provides information on tool life, with an empirical model, common wear features, and the relationship between tool life and machining cost. The cutting fluids and their effect on tool life are also discussed. The article discusses machining process dynamics and corresponding vibrations. It contains a table that provides a summary of high-pressure coolant research.

This article provides a discussion on the machining guidelines that serve to improve the machinability of powder metallurgy materials. It provides a description of various cutting tool grades and tool-edge design and describes the machining conditions for common operations, namely, turning, drilling, tapping, grinding, and finishing. The article introduces a few overlooked details that can heavily influence the performance and success of the machining process. These include dwell, margin design on round tools, and proper edge hone.

The machinability of carbon and alloy steels is affected by many factors, such as the composition, microstructure, and strength level of the steel; the feeds, speeds, and depth of cut; and the choice of cutting fluid and cutting tool material. This article describes the influence of the various attributes of carbon and alloy steels on machining characteristics. It lists the relative machinability ratings for some plain carbon steels, standard resulfurized steels, and several alloy steels. The addition of lead to carbon steels is one of the means of increasing the machinability of the steel and improving the surface finish of machined parts. Low carbon content of carburizing steels may be beneficial to tool life and production rate. The sulfur content of through-hardening alloy steels can significantly affect machining behavior. Cold drawing generally improves the machinability of steels containing less than about 0.2% carbon.

Hot-rolled steel bars and other hot rolled steel shapes are produced from ingots, blooms, or billets converted from ingots, or from strand cast blooms and billets, and comprise a variety of sizes and cross sections. This article provides a brief discussion on mechanical properties, quality descriptors and chemical compositions of hot-rolled steel bars, cold-finished steel bars, steel wire rod and steel wire. It contains tables that provide size tolerances for cold-finished carbon steel bar and cold-finished alloy steel bar.

Machining of cast iron involves removing metal from the cast part, usually by cutting with a power-driven machine tool. This article discusses the factors that influence machinability, the methods used to evaluate machinability of cast irons, the effects of cast iron microstructure on cutting tool life, and the importance of as-cast surface integrity on the machining variation. It presents examples of cutting tool materials selection for different cast iron grades, and describes the effects of coolants on the machining of cast irons. A chart showing different cutting materials and cutting speed ranges for selected iron-carbon alloys is also presented. Different types of cutting tool wear observed during turning are schematically illustrated.

Cemented carbides belong to a class of hard, wear-resistant, refractory materials in which the hard carbide particles are bound together, or cemented, by a ductile metal binder. Cermet refers to a composite of a ceramic material with a metallic binder. This article discusses the manufacture, composition, classifications, and physical and mechanical properties of cemented carbides. It describes the application of hard coatings to cemented carbides by physical or chemical vapor deposition (PVD or CVD). Tungsten carbide-cobalt alloys, submicron tungsten carbide-cobalt alloys, and alloys containing tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, and cobalt are used for machining applications. The article also provides an overview of cermets used in machining applications.

Cold-finished steel bars are carbon and alloy steel bar products (round, square, hexagonal, flat, or special shapes) that are produced by cold finishing previous hot-wrought bars. by means of cold drawing, cold forming, turning, grinding, or polishing (singly or in combination) to yield straight lengths or coils that are uniform throughout their length. Cold-finished bars fall into five classifications: cold-drawn bars; turned and polished bars; cold-drawn, ground, and polished bars; turned, ground, and polished bars; cold-drawn, turned, ground, and polished bars. Different size tolerances are applicable to cold-finished products, depending on shape, carbon content, and heat treatment. When used to identify cold-finished steel bars, the various quality descriptors are indicative of many characteristics, such as degree of internal soundness, relative uniformity of chemical composition, and relative freedom from detrimental surface imperfections. Cold drawing significantly increases machinability, tensile and yield strengths of steel bars. Two special die-drawing processes have been developed to give improved properties over those offered by standard drawing practices. These processes are cold drawing using heavier-than-normal drafts, followed by stress relieving; and drawing at elevated temperatures.

This article discusses the manufacturing steps and compositions of cemented carbides, as well as their microstructure, classifications, applications, and physical and mechanical properties. It provides information on new tool geometries, tailored substrates, and the application of thin and hard coatings to cemented carbides by chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition. The article also discusses tool wear mechanisms and the methods available for holding the carbide tool.